REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
Although Nakdimon ben Guriyon gave a lot of Tzedakah, he did it for his own honor. (1)
If gold is brought in as dowry, it is written in the Kesuvah at its exact value.
Dinarin of gold have the same status as Kesef, and the Chasan must add an additional third to the Kesuvah. (2)
Small pieces of gold given as part of the dowry have the same status as utensils. (3)
Besamim from Anitukyah and camels from Arabia have the same status as Kesef, and an additional third is written in the Kesuvah.
When a man marries off his daughter, or when an orphan is married off, no less than 50 Zuz should be given for the dowry. (4)
If both a male and female orphan require Tzedakah, the female is provided with food first and she is married off first. (5)
An orphan is provided with a house and provisions before he is provided with a wife.
It is an obligation to provide for the poor but not to make them wealthy.
If a poor person was originally very wealthy, it is an obligation to buy for him a horse to ride on and a servant to run in front of him.
Every person is provided with Parnasah by Hashem at the right time.
Rebbi Meir: If a poor person refuses to take charity, we give to him the money as a loan and we allow it to turn into a gift. (6)
Tana Kama: If a wealthy person is so frugal that he is starving himself, he is given the money as a gift and it is retrieved after his death.
Rebbi Shimon: A wealthy person is not given anything, even if he is starving himself.
A person is better off being thrown into a fiery furnace than to embarrass someone in public.
A person may give away half of his property prior to his death.
A BIT MORE
1. Alternatively, he did not give as much as he should have, considering his great wealth.
2. This is because the Chasan could profit with the Dinarim of gold just like Kesef.
3. The Chasan subtracts a fifth from its value when it is written in the Kesuvah.
4. If sufficient Tzedakah funds were available, more than 50 Zuz would be provided for the dowry of an orphan.
5. She is provided with food first because it is unusual for a female to go knocking on doors. She is married off first because the embarrassment of a female is greater than that of a male.
6. The Chachamim say that we first attempt to give it to him as a gift.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
GIVING TZEDAKAH FOR THE HONOR
The Gemara says that although Nakdimon ben Guriyon gave a lot of Tzedakah, he did it for his own honor. The Ben Yehoyada asks that the daughter of Nakdimon ben Guriyon commented that her father lost his money because the best way to preserve money is to subtract from it (by means of Tzedakah). If so, why did Nakdimon lose his money? Although Nakdimon ben Guriyon gave Tzedakah for his own honor, he did subtract from it! The Ben Yehoyada answers that if one receives something in return for his money it is not regarded as subtracting from his money; rather, he is simply trading his money for something else. Nakdimon ben Guriyon received honor in return for his Tzedakah and thus he was trading the money in return for the honor, and thus it was not regarded as if he had subtracted from his money.
QUICK HALACHAH
A WOMAN HAS PRECEDENCE
If a man and woman both are in need of food or clothing, it is given to the woman first. If both a male and female orphan are in need of funds for the purpose of marriage, the female has precedence. (Shulchan Aruch YD 251:8)
It is usual for a man to go knocking on doors, but it is not usual for a woman to do so. Even if the woman has been knocking on doors until now, she still takes precedence for Tzedakah funds, because we do not want her to continue doing so, or because we are concerned that it was so embarrassing for her that she will not go back to doing it. (Shach)
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