REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
If one witness testifies that someone’s ox was Nirva if the owner is silent the ox may not be brought as a Korban. (1)
If the owner admits or one witness testifies that an ox was worshipped as an Avodah Zorah or that it killed a person the ox may not be brought as a Korban.
If one witness testifies that a woman was Mezaneh, according to Abaye he is believed and she is forbidden to her husband, while Rava argues.
Rava admits that if the husband believes the witnesses as if he was two witnesses that his wife was Mezaneh she is forbidden to him.
Rumor had it that the mother of Yanai ha’Melech was captured by non-Jews and was forbidden to Kehunah and subsequently married a Kohen and gave birth to Yanai, but the rumor turned out to be unfunded. (2)
Yanai ha’Melech murdered the Chachamim and the world was desolate until Shimon Ben Shetach restored the Torah to its previous glory.
If a Mikvah that originally contained 40 Se'ah was measured and found to be lacking the requisite Shi’ur, according to R. Tarfon anything Tamei that had immersed in the Mikvah is regarded as Tahor, while R. Akiva argues. (3)
If a Kohen finds out that he is the son of a divorcee or a Chalutzah any Avodah that he had previously done is Kosher. (4)
If a Kohen finds out that he is a Ba'al Mum any Avodah that he had done while he had the Mum is Pasul
A child born from a permitted marriage is given the status of the father, if he is a Kohen the child is a Kohen and if he is a Levi the child is a Levi.
A child born from a prohibited marriage if the Kidushin is valid the child is given the status of the Pesul. (5)
A child born from a prohibited marriage if the Kidushin is not valid but if they married someone else the Kidushin would be valid the child is a Mamzer. (6)
A child born from a prohibited marriage if the Kidushin would not be valid regardless of whom she married the child is given the status of the woman. (7)
A BIT MORE
1. However unless there are two witnesses the ox is not out to death because the judgment of an ox is treated the same as the judgment of a person.
2. One witness testified that she was captured but subsequently two witnesses testified otherwise. Alternatively two witnesses testified that she was captured but they turned out to be Eidem Zomemim. Alternatively they managed to spirit her out from captivity and replaced her with a servant
3. R. Tarfon holds that since the Mikvah had a Chazakah that it contained 40 Se'ah the Chazakah dictates that it was lacking the requisite Shi’ur only at the last possible moment, while R. Akiva holds that since the people and vessels that were immersed in the Mikvah had a Chazaka that they were Tamei the Chazakah dictates that they remain Tamei.
4. Even though he is a Chalal and he is Pasul for Avodah, however it is a Geze’iras ha’Kasuv that the Avodah that he did while he was a Chalal is Kosher.
5. The examples are a widow who married a Kohen Gadol or a divorcee or Chalutzah who married a Kohen Hedyot, a child born from these marriages is a Chalal and is Pasul from Kehunah. Another example is a Mamzeres or a Nesinah who marries a Yisra’el, or a Bas Yisra’el who marries a Mamzer or a Nasin, a child born from these marriages is a Mamzer.
5. This category includes any Ervah which is a Chayavei Krisus.
6. This category is a reference to a person who married a non-Jew or a non-Jewish maidservant.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
THE THREE CROWNS
When Yanai put the Tzitz on his head one of the Chachamim protested and said it’s enough that you have the crown of Malchus leave the crown of Kehunah for the descendants of Aharon. The Maharshah explains that there are three crowns, the crown of Torah, Malchus and Kehunah. The crown of Torah is represented by the Tefilin, and the crown of Kehunah is represented by the Tziz. There is room on the head for both the Tefilin and the Tzitz but there is not enough room on the head for the third crown as well, which is the crown of Malchus. The crown of Kehunah and the crown of Malchus require are worthless without the crown of Torah. A person may not be both a Melech and a Kohen Gadol because there is not enough room on the head for all three crowns. When Yanai attempted to put on the Tzitz on his head he had no choice but to take off one of the three crowns. The Chachamim wanted him to take off the crown of Kehunah because if he takes off the crown of Torah the other crowns are worthless.
QUICK HALACHAH
ONE WITNESS FOR ZNUS
If a person was not Mekaneh his wife and one witness testifies that she was Mezaneh and she is silent, if he believes him and he relies on him as if he was two witnesses she is forbidden to him and if not she is permitted. The same is true if the wife admits that she is Mezaneh. According to some opinions nowadays that there is a Cherem Rabbeinu Gershom not to divorce one’s wife against her will the husband is not believed if he says that he believes the witness because maybe he wants to marry someone else and he is claiming that he believes him even though he doesn’t. (Shulchan Aruch EH 178:8)
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