REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
Rebbi Meir says that the first rain is the third of Cheshvan, the second rain is the seventh and the third rain is the twenty third.
Rebbi Yehudah holds that the first rain is the seventh of Cheshvan, the second rain is the seventeenth and the third rain is the twenty third.
Rebbi Yosi holds that the first rain is the seventeenth of Cheshvan, the second rain is the twenty third and the third rain is Rosh Chodesh Kislev.
The time of the first rain is when we start reciting v'Sen Tal u'Matar.
A person who makes a Neder until the rain is forbidden until the second rain.
The Yechidim (Talmidei Chachamim) start Davening and fasting for rain from the time of the third rain.
Rebbi Shimon ben Gamliel says that if it rains for seven days, from the time of the first rain until the time of the second rain, it counts for both the first and second Revi'a. (1)
If someone makes a Neder for this year and it becomes a leap year it is forbidden for the entire year including the extra month.
If someone makes a Neder until Adar it is forbidden until the beginning of Adar Rishon. If he says until the end of Adar it is forbidden until the end of Adar Rishon. (2)
Rebbi Meir says that Adar Sheni is called Adar Stam and Rebbi Yehudah holds that Adar Rishon is called Adar Stam.
Abaye says that Rebbi Meir agrees that if the person did not know that it was a leap year Adar Rishon is called Adar Stam.
Rebbi Yehudah says that if someone prohibits wine Ad she'Yehei Pesach he has in mind to prohibit it only until the night of Pesach. (3)
If someone prohibits meat Ad she'Yehei ha'Tzom he has in mind to prohibit meat only until Erev Yom Kippur. (4)
If someone prohibits garlic Ad she'Yehei Shabbos he has in mind to prohibit garlic only until the night of Shabbos. (5)
If someone vows that he will not benefit from his friend unless he takes for his son a Kor of wheat, if the friend says that it is a bigger honor for me not to take the gift the Neder is void.
If someone vows that his friend may not benefit from him unless he gives his son a Kor of wheat Rebbi Meir says that he may not benefit from him until he gives the wheat to his son. (6)
The Chachamim say that even if he does not give his son the wheat the Neder is void if he says that he regards it as if he received it.
If a person is being pressured to eat by his friend and he vows that he will not enter his house or drink a drop of cold water it is permitted to enter his house and drink water.
A BIT MORE
1. According to the Chachamim a person who makes a Neder until the rain is forbidden until the second rain. Therefore Rebbi Shimon ben Gamliel said to the Chachamim if it rains continuously from the time of the first rain until the second rain it shall count toward both the first and second rain. However Rebbi Shimon ben Gamliel himself holds that the Neder is until the time of the second rain therefore it makes no difference whether it rains or not.
2. This is in accordance with the opinion of Rebbi Yehudah that Adar Rishon is called Adar Stam.
3. Since it is a Mitzvah to drink wine on the night of Pesach he must have had in mind to prohibit the wine only until then, even though Ad she'Yehei Pesach normally implies until the end of Pesach.
4. Since it is normal to eat meat on Erev Yom Kippur even though Ad she'Yehei ha'Tzom implies until the end of the fast day it is permitted to eat meat on Erev Yom Kippur.
5. Ezra decreed that garlic shall be eaten on Friday night.
6. Rebbi Meir argues in the previous case as well.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
A LEAP YEAR
If someone makes a Neder for a year and it becomes a leap year it is forbidden for the entire year including the extra month. The Rashba says that if someone makes a Neder for Shanah Achas it is only forbidden for twelve months even though it is a leap year. The reason is that since he did not specify that he was keeping the Neder this year he can fulfill the Neder any year that he wants, therefore the Neder was not meant to be kept specifically on a leap year. The Ran argues and he holds that the Neder must be kept immediately and if he transgresses the Neder it may not be made up in a different year and therefore the extra month is included in the leap year.
QUICK HALACHAH
ADAR RISHON
If someone makes a Neder until Rosh Chodesh Adar it is forbidden until the beginning of Adar Rishon. If he says until the end of Adar it is forbidden until the end of Adar Sheni. According to the Rambam if the person knows that it is a leap year and he made a Neder until Rosh Chodesh Adar it is forbidden until the beginning of Adar Sheni. (Shulchan Aruch YD 220:8)
The two months of Adar are regarded as if they are one long month. (Shach)
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