REVACH L'DAF
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| KESUVOS 59 (7 Elul) - Dedicated in memory of Esther Miryam bas Harav Chaim Zev and her husband Harav Refael Yisrael ben Harav Moshe (Snow), whose Yahrzeits are 7 Elul and 8 Elul respectively. Sponsored by their son and daughter in law, Moshe and Rivka Snow. |
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SUMMARY
Rav and Shmuel: The Rabanan instituted the obligation for the husband to give his wife Mezonos in exchange for her handiwork. (1)
Rav Ada bar Ahavah: The Rabanan instituted the obligation for the husband to give his wife Mezonos in exchange for a Me'ah Kesef that the husband gives the wife. (2)
The wife is obligated to do the work of five Sela'im of Shesi in Yehudah, which is the amount of ten Sela'im in Galil.
Tana Kama: If a woman makes a Neder prohibiting her handiwork to her husband, there is no need for the husband to annul the Neder. (3)
Rebbi Akiva: The husband should annul the Neder, because she may produce a surplus of handiwork and the Neder will take effect on the surplus.
Rebbi Yochanan ben Nuri: The husband should annul the Neder because he may divorce her and subsequently remarry her.
A person may make a Neder prohibiting his friend's produce to himself, or his own produce to his friend. (4)
If one says that "this field that I am selling to you shall be Hekdesh when I buy it back," the field becomes Kadosh.
If one says that "this field that I sold to you shall be Hekdesh when I buy it back it," the field becomes Kadosh.
If one says that "this field that I gave to you as a Mashkon shall be Hekdesh when I redeem it," the field becomes Kadosh.
If one says that "this field that I gave to you as a Mashkon for ten years shall be Hekdesh when I redeem it," the field becomes Kadosh.
Konamos is a Kedushas ha'Guf. (5)
Rava says that Hekdesh, Chametz, and Shichrur supersede a Shibud (something designated to be used as collateral). (6)
A wife must do seven Melachos for her husband: grinding wheat, baking, washing the laundry, cooking, nursing, making the bed, and working with wool.
If the woman brings a maidservant into the marriage, she is exempted from some of the Melachos.
If a woman brings into the marriage four maidservants, she is exempted from all of the Melachos.
Rebbi Eliezer: Even if a woman brings into the marriage 100 maidservants, she must work with wool, because idleness leads to Znus.
Raban Shimon ben Gamliel: If the husband vows that his wife may not do Melachah, he must divorce her, because idleness drives a person mad.
Rebbi Chiya: A wife is not obligated to do Melachos such as grinding wheat, cooking, and nursing, because a woman must look beautiful. (7)
Beis Shamai: If a woman vows not to nurse her son, she may not nurse him. Beis Hillel: She must nurse him. (8)
A BIT MORE
1. The surplus handiwork is given to the husband in exchange for a Me'ah Kesef that the husband gives the wife.
2. Rav Ada bar Ahavah: The surplus handiwork is given to the husband in exchange for the Mezonos that the husband gives the wife.
3. The Neder is not effective since the handiwork belongs to her husband, and the wife has no right to prohibit it to him.
4. However, a person may not prohibit his friend's produce to his friend.
5. It is similar to a Kedushas ha'Mizbe'ach which cannot be redeemed.
6. If one sets aside an item as collateral for his creditor and subsequently is Makdish the item for the Mizbe'ach, or if the item is Chametz and it remained in his possession over Pesach, or if the item is a servant and he freed him, the item is no longer collateral for the debt.
7. Since these Melachos diminish her beauty, she is not obligated to do them, according to Rebbi Chiya. However, she is obligated to do other types of work that do not diminish her beauty, such as working with wool.
8. Beis Shamai: A wife is not obligated to nurse her son, and therefore her vow takes effect. Beis Hillel: A wife is obligated to nurse her son, and therefore her vow is void.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
WORK AROUND THE HOUSE
The Mishnah teaches that a wife must do seven Melachos for her husband. The Meleches Shlomo says that the Melachos mentioned in the Mishnah are Avos Melachah, and each one of them has Toldos. For example, a Toldah of cooking is cutting up the food and preparing it to be cooked; a Toldah of baking is sifting and kneading the flour. A wife is obligated to do both the Avos and Toldos of these Melachos for her husband.
QUICK HALACHAH
A VERY RICH HUSBAND
If the husband is very wealthy, then even if the wife has many maidservants she may not sit at home all day without any work to do, because idleness leads to Znus. However, she is not obligated to work the entire day; rather, she has a diminished work load, depending on how wealthy her husband is. If the husband vows that his wife may not do Melachah, he must divorce her, because idleness leads to Znus. (Shulchan Aruch EH 80:2-3)
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