REVACH L'DAF
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| CHULIN 48 (8 Shevat) - Dedicated in honor of the birthday of Gila Linzer. |
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SUMMARY
1. If the lung of an animal adheres to the chest wall, there is no concern that it was punctured unless blisters developed in the lung. Avimi maintains that even if no blisters developed, there is a concern for a puncture.
2. Rava maintains that if two lobes of the lung of an animal adhere to each other, it is not possible to determine if the lung is punctured, and the animal must be treated like a Tereifah. Rav Nachman bar Yosef disagrees.
3. If the lung of an animal is punctured in the area that is naturally attached to the chest wall, and the puncture is sealed by the chest wall, the animal is not a Tereifah.
4. If a man's male organ is punctured, he is rendered a Kerus Shafchah. If the puncture heals, his status of Kashrus is reinstated, because he is now capable of having children.
5. If the lung of an animal is punctured and is sealed with the chest wall, or if the gallbladder is punctured and is sealed by the liver, should the chest wall or liver subsequently be punctured exposing the puncture in the lung or gallbladder, the animal is a Tereifah.
6. If a blister on the liver of an animal is full of pus, the animal is a Tereifah. If it is full of water, the animal is Kosher.
7. If a needle is found in the lung of an animal, according to Rebbi Yochanan it is not a Tereifah. Reish Lakish disagrees.
8. If a needle is found in a lung that was already cut open, Rebbi Ami says that it is a Tereifah even according to Rebbi Yochanan.
9. Rav Nachman maintains that if the bronchial tube of an animal is punctured in the juncture between two tubes, the animal is a Tereifah, but if the fatly coils around the intestines are punctured in the juncture between two coils, the animal is not a Tereifah.
10. If the flesh of the leg of an animal is cut off in the area above the juncture of the sinews, the animal is Kosher. If it is cut in the area of the juncture of the sinews, the animal is a Tereifah.
11. Rav Ashi maintains that if a needle is found in the liver of an animal, and the point of the needle is inside the liver and the eye outside, the animal is a Tereifah. If the point is outside, the animal is Kosher.
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A BIT MORE
1. If there are blisters on the lung according to Rav Nachman, or even if there are no blisters according to Avimi, in order to determine whether the lungs were punctured the lung must be separated from the chest wall with a sharp knife. If a defect is found in the chest wall, it may be assumed there was no puncture in the lung, because the defect caused the blisters.
2. According to Rav Nachman bar Yosef, if the lung is placed in warm water and the water does not bubble, it is apparent that the lung was not punctured. However, according to Rava, this is not an effective way of determining if it is a Tereifah, because the adhesion is certainly the result of a puncture. Even if it does not bubble, we assume that it is because a scab sealed the puncture.
3. However, Ravina maintains that the animal is Kosher only if the hole is sealed by the flesh between the ribs. If it is sealed by the ribs, it eventually will separate, and therefore the animal is a Tereifah.
4. Only in this case is it possible for one's status of Kashrus to be reinstated. In the case of a punctured lung of an animal, even if a scab seals the hole, the animal remains a Tereifah; its status of Kashrus is not reinstated.
5. However, this is not one of the Tereifos mentioned in the Mishnah, because the cause of the Tereifah is indirect.
6. However, if the lung is blistered, even if it is full of pus it is Kosher.
7. According to Rebbi Yochanan, we assume that the needle was swallowed and made its way down the trachea and entered the lung without puncturing it. According to Reish Lakish, we are concerned that the needle went down the esophagus, and as it made its way to the lung it punctured the lung, rendering the animal a Tereifah.
8. Rebbi Yochanan only ruled that it is not a Tereifah when the lung can be checked to ascertain that it is not punctured. In this case, the lung was already cut open, making it impossible to ascertain whether it was punctured. Therefore, the animal is a Tereifah.
9. A punctured bronchial tube usually does not render the animal a Tereifah, because the lung seals the hole. However, where it is punctured in the juncture between two tubes, the lung does not seal the hole, and thus the animal is a Tereifah. However, if the coils around the intestines are punctured between two coils, one coil seals the other, and the animal is Kosher.
10. Even if the bone was not broken, if the flesh was cut off in the area of the juncture of the sinews the animal is a Tereifah.
11. If the point is inside the liver, we assume that it made its way into the liver from the outside, and that it punctured the liver after making its way through the esophagus, rendering the animal a Tereifah in the process. If the point is outside the liver, we assume that it made its way to the liver from the trachea, and thus the animal did not become a Tereifah in the process. However, this is the law only in the case of a large needle. In the case of a small needle, the fact that the point is outside does not discount the possibility that it entered the liver from the outside, because even the eye of a small needle can puncture the liver.
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