REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
R. Yochanan says it is forbidden to lend a gold Dinar in exchange for another gold Dinar, however it is permitted to redeem fruit of Ma'aser Sheni on a gold Dinar. (1)
Beis Shamai holds that a person who has copper coins of Ma'aser Sheni may exchange all of them for silver Sela'im, while Beis Hillel holds he shall exchange only half of the coins for silver Sela'im. (2)
Beis Shamai says that someone who has Se1a'im of sliver of Ma'aser Sheni he shall not exchange them for Dinarim of gold, while Beis Hillel holds that it is permitted.
If someone has a Sela of Ma'aser Sheni in Yerushalayim he may exchange the entire Sela for copper coins, while Beis Hillel holds that only half of the Sela shall be exchanged for copper coins and the other half shall be redeemed on a silver Shekel. (3)
Beis Shamai says that someone who has Se1a'im of sliver of Ma'aser Sheni he shall not exchange them for Dinarim of gold, while Beis Hillel holds that it is permitted.
According to the second Lashon of R. Yochanan and Reish Lakish one opinion says that Beis Shamai holds that silver coins of Ma'aser Sheni may not be exchanged for gold coins because of the concern that a person will delay bringing his Ma'aser to Yerushalayim until he has sufficient silver coins to exchange for a gold coin, while Beis Hillel argues, but they both agree that fruit of Ma'aser Sheni may be redeemed on gold coins because fruit rots a person will not delay redeeming them..
The other one opinion (either R. Yochanan of Reish Lakish) says that Beis Shamai holds even fruit of Ma'aser Sheni may not be redeemed on gold coins because of the concern that a person may delay redeeming the fruit until he has sufficient fruit for a gold coin.
It is a Machlokes between Rav and Levi whether a coin may be used for a Kinyan Chalipin. (4)
if a person is buying gold with silver a Meshichah on the gold is Koneh the silver but a Meshichah on the silver is not Koneh the gold.
If the person who is giving the silver promises to give newly stamped coins once a Kinyan is made he must keep his commitment to give new coins even though old coins are more valuable.
R. Papa says that even according to the opinion that a coin may not be used for Chalipin it may be acquired with Chalipin.
R. Nachman holds that fruit may not be used for Chalipin but it may be acquired with Chalipin
When gold is being exchanged for silver when a Kinyan is made on the gold the other person is Koneh the silver but a Kinyan on silver is not Koneh gold.
A BIT MORE
1. This is in accordance with the opinion of Beis Shamai who holds that gold coins are regarded as fruit and even so in relation to fruit it is regarded as currency and may be used for the redemption of Ma'aser Sheni.
2. Beis Hillel holds that he shall keep some of the copper coins of Ma'aser Sheni because when he reaches Yerushalayim he will need copper coins in order to purchase food and if everyone is forced to change the silver coins back into copper coins as soon as they reach Yerushalayim the price of copper coins will skyrocket and Ma'aser Sheni will lose out.
3.. Beis Hillel holds that he shall not exchange the entire Sela on to copper coins because he may not spend it all while he is in Yerushalayim and he may want to deposit it in Yerushalayim until the next Regel and copper coins are more apt to get rusty and even if he exchanges it back into silver it will cost money to exchange it and it will cause a loss to Ma'aser Sheni.
4. Even though if a coin is given as payment for a purchase it is not Koneh, however if it is given as a Kinyan Chalipin it is Koneh according to one opinion. According to the other opinion that a coin may not be used for Chalipin the reason is because the person who makes a Kinyan on the coin has his mind on the stamp of the coin and the stamp of a coin is often invalidated.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
SILVER AND GOLD COINS
Beis Shamai holds that a person who has copper coins of Ma'aser Sheni may exchange all of the copper coins for silver coins, while Beis Hillel holds he shall exchange only half of the coins for copper coins. The Rashba says that Beis Shamai is not giving the option for the person to change all of the coins or to change only half of the coins because if so Beis Shamai is taking the more lenient approach and Beis Shamai always takes the stringent approach with only a few exception Therefore the Rashba says that Beis Shamai holds he must change all of the copper coins because of the concern that the copper will get rusty. Likewise in a case where one is exchanging a Sela of Ma'aser Sheni for copper coins he must change the entire Sela according to Beis Shamai so that he will have small change readily available to spend in Yerushalayim and he won't leave over any of the money because of the concern that he will forget that he has coins of Ma'aser Sheni and he will take it out of Yerushalayim.
QUICK HALACHAH
SHOLE'ACH YAD
If someone has copper coins of Ma'aser Sheni if he wants to exchange them for gold Dinarim in order to lighten his load he may do so. If he exchanges it himself he doesn't add an additional fifth because it is not regarded as a typical redemption. If someone is exchanging a Sela of Ma'aser Sheni whether is inside or outside Yerushalayim he shall not exchange it entirely for copper coins and instead he shall exchange half of it for a Shekel of silver and the other half for copper coins. (Rambam Hilchos Ma'aser Sheni 5:13, 14)
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