REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
A person who is either deaf or mute is disqualified from the Mitzvah of Hakhel.
There were two mute brothers who were students of Rebbi, and they were learned in Mishnayos, Sifra, Sifri, and the entire Shas. (1)
One who is deaf in one ear is exempt from the Mitzvah of Aliyah l'Regel.
One who is lame in one foot is exempt from the Mitzvah of Aliyah l'Regel.
The Torah commands parents to bring their children to Hakhel so that the parents will be rewarded for bringing them.
It is a Halachah l'Moshe mi'Sinai that the Jews who live in Amon and Mo'av must separate Ma'aser Ani from their produce during Shevi'is. (2)
One who goes out alone at night, sleeps in a graveyard, or tears his clothing for no reason has the status of an insane person. (3)
A BIT MORE
1. Rebbi prayed for them to be cured, and as soon as they were cured their scholarship became apparent.
2. The reason is that there were many cities that were captured by the ascendants from Mitzrayim and not by the ascendants from Bavel. The original sanctification of Eretz Yisrael was terminated when they were exiled to Bavel, and the cities that were not recaptured lost their sanctity. Since those cities did not have sanctity and were not obligated by the Torah in the Mitzvah of Shevi'is, the Sages also did not obligate them, so that the poor would have something to rely on during the year of Shevi'is.
3. Rav Huna: He has the status of an insane person only if he does all three things at once. Rebbi Yochanan: Even if he does only one of them he is regarded as insane.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
The Gemara says that the residents of Amon and Mo'av separate Ma'aser Ani during Shevi'is [and are not obligated in the Mitzvah of Shevi'is]. Rashi says that this refers to lands that Sichon and Og captured from Amon and Mo'av. Tosfos asks that the Mishnah says that Ever ha'Yarden (the lands taken from Sichon and Og) were obligated in the Mitzvah of Shevi'is. One answer that Tosfos gives is that the lands that belonged originally to Sichon and Og are obligated in the Mitzvah of Shevi'is, while the lands that were taken by Sichon and Og from Amon and Mo'av are the lands to which the Gemara refers when it says that they are exempt from the Mitzvah of Shevi'is. Although Klal Yisrael annexed also land that Sichon captured from Amon and Mo'av, it does not have the same sanctity as the land that originally belonged to Sichon and thus it is exempt from the Mitzvah of Shevi'is. (Ya'avetz)
QUICK HALACHAH
One who goes out alone at night, tears his clothing, sleeps in a graveyard, or loses items that are given to him has the status of a Shoteh if he does even one of these things in an insane manner. (Shulchan Aruch YD 5:1)
He is not regarded as a Shoteh for doing one of these things one time, but only for being in the habit of doing one of these things. (Shach)
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