1)

(a)The first items on the Mishnah's list of all the different types of blood that are subject to Kareis/Chatas are the blood of the Shechitah of a Beheimah, Chayah or Of (See Tosfos Yom Tov) - even if they are of a non-Kasher species (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(b)The Tana continues with 'Dam ...

1. ... Nechirah' - the blood of an animal that has been torn open (See Tosfos Yom Tov), and 'Dam ...

2. ... Ikur' - whose Simanim have been pulled out (Ibid.).

(c)The final item on the Tana's list is Dam Hakazah she'ha'Nefesh Yotz'ah bo (See Tosfos Yom Tov). 'Dam Hakazah' is - the blood of a sick animal that has been let.

(d)Initially, the blood emerges without spurting, then it spurts and finally it ends in a trickle (See also Tosfos Yom Tov). It is - the middle stage that is considered 'Dam she'ha'Nefesh Yotz'ah bo'.

2)

(a)The first three items on the Mishnah's next list are Dam ha'Techol (See Tosfos Yom Tov), Dam ha'Leiv and Dam Beitzim. 'T'chol' is the spleen.

(b)The blood that pours into the heart - after the animal has been Shechted - is subject to Kareis.

(c)In order to be Chayav, one needs to drink - a k'Zayis of blood.

(d)Some commentaries translate Dam Beitzim as blood of the Beitzim of a male animal, others, as - a blood-spot that one finds in eggs.

3)

(a)The Mishnah rules that someone who drinks the blood of fish or of locusts - is Patur from Kareis (but subject to Malkos).

(b)The final item on the current list is 'Dam ha'Tamtzis' - blood that one squeezes from an animal, according to the Tana Kama (See Tiferes Yisrael) ...

(c)... who learns from the Pasuk in Acharei-Mos "Ki Nefesh Kol Basar Damo be'Nafsho hu, Kol Ochlav Yikareis" - that only Dam ha'Nefesh is subject to Kareis.

(d)According to Rebbi Yehudah - one is Chayav for drinking Dam ha'Tamtzis (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(e)The blood ...

1. ... spot that one finds in an egg - is Asur mi'de'Rabbanan.

2. ... of Sheratzim - is Asur on account of Sheraztim (and not on account of Sheratzim).

3. ... of fish and locusts - is permitted, provided it contains some scales (because of Mar'is ha'Ayin).

4)

(a)Rebbi Akiva obligates someone who transgresses a Safek Me'ilos - if he is not sure as to whether he benefited from Hekdesh or not, to bring an Asham Taluy.

(b)The Chachamim - declare him Patur.

(c)They learn it from the Gezeirah-Shavah "Mitzvos" (by Chatas) "Mitzvos" (by Asham Me'ilos) - which teaches us that one only brings an Asham Taluy for a sin whose Vaday requires a Chatas (whereas someone who is Mo'el on Hekdesh brings an Asham).

(d)Rebbi Akiva concedes however, that - he is not Chayav to pay the Me'ilah-money until he knows for sure that he was Mo'el ...

(e)... in which case, he brings together with it - an Asham Me'ilos.

5)

(a)Rebbi Tarfon objects to the previous ruling - because why should the sinner bring two Ashamos for the same sin?

(b)He therefore ...

1. ... pays his Me'ilah-money (plus a fifth) and ...

2. ... brings his Asham Me'ilos (See Tiferes Yisrael, 16) - immediately.

(c)Ater he has paid the Me'ilah-money, he stipulates - that should it become known that he sinned, then this is his Me'ilah-money and this is his Asham; whereas if the Safek remains, then the money is a Nedavah and the animal, an Asham Taluy.

(d)He can be Yotzei the Asham Vaday and the Asham Taluy with the same animal - since both are rams that are worth two Sela'im (See also Tosfos Yom Tov & Tiferes Yisrael).

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

6)

(a)In the current Machlokes between Rebbi Tarfon and Rebbi Akiva, the latter commented to the former - that it was worth the Mo'el's while to follow his (Rebbi Tarfon's) instructions if the Me'ilah was a small one, but that if it was a large one (a hundred Manah), surely it would be better for him to bring an Asham Taluy first (like the Chachamim).

(b)In fact - he concedes to Rebbi Tarfon in the case of a small Me'ilah.

7)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses the case of a woman who gives birth to a Safek V'lad, who is Chayav to bring - a lamb for an Oleh and a bird (a Tor or a ben Yonah) for a Chatas.

(b)In the case of Safek, she brings ...

1. ... the lamb for an Oleh - and stipulates that if the baby was not a V'lad, then it is a Nedavah.

2. ... the bird for her Chatas - without any condition ...

(c)... since a Chatas ha'Of is brought even on a Safek (though it is not eaten).

8)

(a)The Safek Chatas become a Vaday if she discovers that the baby was a V'lad - before the Melikah has been performed.

(b)This is possible - because the Korban for a Safek and for a Vaday are one and the same.

(c)Once the bird becomes a Vaday Chatas - it can be eaten by the Kohen.

9)

(a)Rebbi Akiva obligates someone who eats one of two pieces of meat that are placed in front of him, one Chulin, the other, Kodesh, and he doesn't know which one he ate, to bring - an Asham Taluy.

(b)This ruling is based on his principle - that one brings an Asham Taluy on Safek Me'ilos (even though the Korban is an Asham and not a Chatas, as we learned earlier in the Perek).

(c)In a case where ....

1. ... the same person eats the second piece as well - he obligates him to bring an Asham Me'ilos, whereas if ...

2. ... someone else eats the second piece - each of them must bring an Asham Taluy (See Tif'eres Yisrael).

(d)According to the Chachamim of Rebbi Akiva, in the latter case - both of them are Patur (See Mishnah 2).

10)

(a)According to Rebbi Shimon, the two people in the latter case bring one Korban between them. Each one must stipulate that - if he (the other one) is the one who ate Kodesh then he is Mochel his portion in the Korban.

(b)Rebbi Yossi disagrees with Rebbi Shimon - because he holds that one cannot make such a condition on a Korban (See Tosfos Yom Tov), and he holds either like Rebbi Akiva or like the Chachamim.

(c)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.

11)

(a)Now the Mishnah discusses a case where someone eats one of two pieces of meat that are placed in front of him, one Chulin (Shuman), the other, Cheilev and he doesn't know which one he ate. The Tana obligate him to bring ...

1. ... if he does not eat the second piece - an Asham Taluy.

2. ... if he does - a Chatas.

(b)In a case where someone else eats the second piece ...

1. ... Rebbi Akiva - obligates them both to bring an Asham Taluy.

2. ... Rebbi Shimon permits them to bring one Chatas between them (and to stipulate, as he did regarding an Asham Me'ilos in the previous Mishnah).

(c)From Rebbi Yossi, who disagrees with Rebbi Shimon, we can extrapolate - that each one must bring an Asham Taluy.

(d)The Mishnah sees fit to mention Rebbi Yossi - to teach us that the Tana Kama is, in fact, Rebbi Yossi (expressing the opinion of Rebbi Akiva [See also Meleches Sh'lomoh DH 'Divrei Rebbi Akiva').

(e)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Yossi.

12)

(a)The Mishnah now deals with a similar case but where one of the pieces was Cheilav and the other, Kodesh. Even the Rabbanan, who exempt a person from an Asham Taluy in the case of Safek Asham Me'ilos (in Mishnah 2) concede here that he brings an Asham Taluy - on account of the piece of Cheilev (which is subject to a Chatas, and not an Asham [See also Tosfos Yom Tov]).

(b)In the event that ...

1. ... the same person eats the second piece - he will have to bring a Chatas and an Asham Me'ilos.

2. ... somebody else eats the second piece - they will each have to bring an Asham Taluy.

13)

(a)Rebbi Shimon says that - they bring a Chatas and an Asham between them.

(b)Each one stipulates that - if he ate the Cheilev then he is Mochel his portion in the Asham to his friend, whereas if he ate the Kodesh then he is Mochel his portion in the Chatas to him.

(c)Rebbi Yossi maintains - that two people cannot bring a Chatas and an Asham between (and that they must therefore each bring an Asham Taluy.

(d)His opinion is synonymous with that of the Tana Kama, and the Halachah is - like him.

14)

(a)If the pieces, one of which a person eats, are Cheilev of Chulin and Cheilev of Kodesh, the Tana Kama obligates him to bring - a Chatas (for the Cheilev).

(b)Rebbi Akiva obligates him to bring - an Asham Taluy (for the Cheilev of Kodesh) as well ...

(c)... on account of Safek Me'ilos.

(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

15)

(a)In the event that he eats the second one as well - the Tana obligates him to bring two Chata'os and an Asham Me'ilos ...

(b)... the Chatas for the Cheilev and the Asham for the Kodesh.

(c)He only brings two Chata'os however - if he ate the two pieces in two Ha'alamos (if there was a Yedi'ah in between).

16)

(a)According to the Tana Kama, if somebody else eats the second piece, each one must bring a Chatas. Rebbi Akiva - obligates each of them to bring an Asham Taluy as well (as we learned in Mishnah 4).

(b)Rebbi Shimon - permits them to bring an Asham Taluy between them (Ibid.).

(c)Rebbi Yossi maintains - that two people cannot bring a joint Asham Taluy (Ibid.).

(d)He concurs with (in fact, he is) - the Tana Kama (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

17)

(a)The Tana now discusses a similar case to the previous one, but where the second piece was not just Kodesh, but Nosar as well. The difference between someone who eats Kodesh be'Shogeg and someone who eats Nosar is that - whereas the former is Chayav to bring an Asham Me'ilos, the latter needs to bring a Chatas.

(b)In a case where he ate one of the two pieces, the Mishnah therefore rules that - he must bring a Chatas (for the Cheilev) and an Asham Taluy (for the Nosar).

(c)The Isur of Nosar take effect on that of Cheilev - because it is an Isur Mosif (See Tiferes Yisrael).

(d)If he then eats the second piece assuming there was ...

1. ... a Yedi'ah in between - he must bring three Chata'os.

2. ... no Yedi'ah - he brings two Chata'os ...

(e)The Tana does not add an Asham Vaday (like in the previous Mishnah) - because Nosar is generally not worth a P'rutah, and does not therefore warrant an Asham Me'ilos (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

18)

(a)Should a second person eat the second piece, the Tana Kama obligates each one to bring - a Chatas and an Asham Taluy.

(b)Rebbi Shimon agrees that each one brings a Chatas - but not an Asham Taluy, since he permits them to bring a Chatas between them and to stipulate (as he did earlier with regard to the Asham [See Meleches Sh'lomoh]).

19)

(a)Rebbi Yossi disagrees with Rebbi Shimon - because, he says, two people cannot bring one Chatas if it is brought on account of a sin ...

(b)... to preclude the Chatas - of a Yoledes (which comes as a Kaparah [See Tiferes Yisrael]).

(c)Consequently, he holds that, if two Yoldos need to bring a Chatas and we don't know which one - they bring a Chatas between them and stipulate (as we learned in the first Perek).

(d)The Halachah however is that - two people cannot bring a Chatas between them, even if they are Mechusrei Kaparah.