1)

What is the translation of "M'zei Ra'av"?

1.

Rashi (citing Targum Onkelos) and Rashbam: 'Bloated by famine'. 1

2.

Rashi (citing R. Moshe ha'Darshan): 'Covered with hair due to hunger'. 2

3.

Da'as Zekenim: 'Shriveled due to hunger'.


1

Targum Yonason: They will be afflicted by people of Agag's house (such as Haman) who resemble to demons bloated by famine [and other kinds of demons hinted at in this Pasuk] - with reference to Medes and Eilam, where Hashem will exile them after Galus Bavel.

2

Rashi: As in Megilah, 18a.

2)

What are "Reshef" and "Meriri"?

1.

Rashi #1: They are the names of two kinds of demons.

2.

Rashi (in the initial manuscript): "Reshef" is a fever in the bones, 1 ("Meriri" is a demon that rules at midday - Rashi in Iyov, 3:4 and Targum Yonasan). 2

3.

Rashbam: "Reshef" is hail and fire from the sky 3 although basically, it is a Lashon of 'flying' 4 , and "Meriri", robbers who embitter (Meriri) and kill people. 5

4.

Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: Reshef" is 'Uf' (which is probably a kind of demon), and "Meriri", 'evil spirits' (and 'Lilin' (a species of female demons - Targum Yonasan). 6

5.

B'rachos, 5a: "Reshef" refers to 'Mazikin' (demons).


1

Rashi: As in Shir ha'Shirim, 8:6.

2

Rashi: As in Tehilim, 91:6.

3

Rashbam: As in Shir ha'Shirim, 8:6.

4

Rashbam: As in Iyov, 5:7 and in Tehilim, 76:4. It is not clear however, how this fits into the Pasuk.

5

See Rashbam.

6

See Targum Yonasan, who merges demons with spirits.

3)

What is the translation of "Lechumei Reshef"?

1.

Rashi #1: 'Embattled by demons'. 1

2.

Rashi #2 (in his original manuscript): 'A fever in the bones'. 2

3.

Rashbam: 'Embattled by hail and fire from the sky'. 3

4.

Da'as Zekenim, Hadar Zekenim and Rosh: 'Embattled by coals and burning' (inflamation - Rosh).

5.

Targum Onkelos: Consumed by Uf. Refer to 32:24:1.1:4.

6.

Targum Yonasan: Beaten by spirits and demons. Refer to 32:24:1:1:4.

7.

B'rachos, 5a #1: 'Embattled by suffering'.


1

Rashi: As in Iyov, 5:7, and in Tehilim 76:4, 91:5 - Rashbam.

2

Rashi: As in Shir ha'Shirim, 8:6.

3

Rashbam: As in Shir ha'Shirim, 8:6.

4)

What is the translation of "Ketev Meriri"?

1.

Rashi: 'Cutting off 1 by a demon called 'Meriri' 2 .

2.

Rashbam: Hacked to pieces by robbers 3 who embitter 4 people and kill them.

3.

Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: 'Smitten by evil spirits'.


1

Rashi: As in Hoshe'a 13:14.

2

Da'as Zekenim, Rosh: There is one demon that strikes in the morning, and another in the afternoon.

3

Rashbam: As in Tehilim, 91:6 and in Tzefanyah, 2:4.

4

Rashbam: From the root 'Mar' - See Rashbam.

5)

Since when do Beheimos bite (and kill)?

1.

Rashi: It actually happened once (twice, once wih a donkey and once with a wild ass, which bit and killed - Rashi, in Bechukosai Vayilkra, 26:22:2:1) that sheep bit someone and and killed him. 1

2.

Targum Onkelos: "Beheimos" in this instance refers to Chayos.

3.

Targum Yonasan: "Beheimos" in this instance refers to Nochrim, who bite like wild beasts.

4.

Sifri: The Pasuk means that the animals will bite and the wound will become infected, and that is what will bring about his death. 2


1

See also Torah Temimah, note 71.

2

See also Torah Temimah, note 71.

6)

What are "Zochalei-Afar"?

1.

Rashi, Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: Serpents that crawl on their bellies on the ground. 1

2.

Sifri: They are serpnts that only rule over the ground. 2


1

Rashi: Like water that is Zochel (flows) along the ground.

2

See Torah Temimah, note 74.

7)

Which era is "Chamas Zochlei Afar" referring to?

1.

Targum Yonasan: Refer to 32:23:1:4. 1 It refers to the Romans who are full of venom like serpents that crawl on the ground. 2


1

Where they suffered hunger and from illnesses- See Na'ar Yonasan.

2

The Pasuk has now hinted at all four exiles. See also Ba'al ha'Turim on Pasuk 22.

8)

What is the translation of "Ashalach bam"?

1.

Rashi (in Va'eira Sh'mos, 8:17), Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: It means 'I will incite against them'.

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