1)

What does "Lo Sa'ashok S'char S'chir Ani ve'Evyon" entail?

1.

Rashi: It prohibits withholding the wages of a laborer or delaying payment.

2.

Targum Yonasan: It prohibits robbing 1 and denying that one owes a laborer wages.


1

See Na'ar Yonasan.

2)

Having already taught in Kedoshim Vayikra, 19:13 "Lo Sa'ashok es Re'acha", why does the Torah repeat it here?

1.

Rashi: Because whereas "Re'acha" incorporates everybody, rich and poor alike, the current Pasuk comes to add an additional La'av 1 if the laborer is a poor man.

2.

Bava Metzi'a, 111a: Someone who withholds the wages of a laborer transgresses five La'avin 2 : 1 & 2 "Lo Sa'ashok es Re'acha ve'Lo Sigzol" (Kedoshim Vayikra, 19:13); 3. "Lo Sa'ashok Sachir Oni" (the current Pasuk); 4. "Lo Salin" (Kedoshim Vayikra, 19:13); 5. "ve'Lo Savo alav ha'Shemesh" (the current Pasuk); and one Asei "be'Yomo Titen Secharo." (Pasuk 15). 3


1

Bava Metzi'a 111a: One cannot transgress them all simultaneously, since. some of them apply only to day laborers, and others only to night laborers.

2

The Rif, Rambam and Rosh have the text 'four La'avin'. See Torah Temimah, note 134.

3

See Torah Temimah, note 134.

3)

What is the difference between "Ani" and "Evyon"?

1.

Rashi: "Ani" is 'a poor man', 1 "Evyon", someone who is destitute 2 (and the Torah gives precedence to an Ani - Bava Metzi'a, 111a).


1

See note 135.

2

Rashi: Someone who is Ta'ev (desires) everything (because he has nothing).

4)

Why does the Torah mention specifically "Ani ve'Evyon"?

1.

Rashi: Refer to 24:14:2:1.

2.

Ramban: Because it is common 1 to withhold the wages of an Ani and an Evyon. 2

3.

Ramban (citing the Sifri): The Torah mentions "Ani" and "Evyon" to teach us that Hashem hastens to punish quicker on their behalf more than on behalf of others.

4.

Bava Metzi'a 111b: The Torah mentions "Ani ve'Evyon" to teach us that one pays a poor laborer before a rich one, and an Oni before an Evyon (since the latter will not allow shame to stop him from asking for his wages - Rashi). 3


1

Ramban: The Torah regularly gives example that common, as we find in Mishpa3tim Shemos. 22:24 and later in the Parshah in Pasuk 19.

2

Since they are defenseless, and have nobody to protect them.

3

See Oznayim la'Torah, who queries Rashi's reason.

5)

Why does the Torah mention specifically a Ger (Tzedek)?

1.

Ramban (citing the Sifri): To teach us that someone who holds back the wages of a convert transgresses two La'avin. 1


1

Refer to 24:14:2:1.

6)

Why does the Torah add the word "bi'She'arecha"?

1.

Rashi: To incorporate a Ger Toshav - a Nochri who [undertakes to keep the seven Mitzvos Bnei No'ach, but who] eats Neveilos.

7)

Why does the Torah add the words "Asher be'Artzecha"?

1.

Rashi: To include in the Isur withholding the rental owed for animals and vessels. 1


1

See Torah Temimah, note 137.

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