1)

On what condition is the Navi Chayav Misah?

1.

Rashi: If the prophecy, the sign or the wonder does not materialize. 1


1

Refer to18:22:2:1 and the note there.

2)

In light of the current Pasuk, how will we explain prophesies of genuine Nevi'im that did not materialize, such as those of Yeshayah, who told Chizkiyah that he will die, and of Yonah who said that Ninveh will be overturned?

1.

Rashbam: The current Pasuk is referring to positive prophesies, 1 whereas the prophesies that did did not materialize were all negative prophesies, which can be overturned 2 with Teshuvah. 3

2.

Meshivas Nefesh: The prophecy about Ninveh was that it will be overturned in forty days - if they do not repent until then. Alternatively, he said 'overturned', which can be for the bad (like S'dom was overturned) or the good (they will change from being Resha'im to Tzadikim) - in which case it did materialize.


1

2

Rashbam: Chizkiyah overturned his decree via Tefilah - See Melachim 2, 20:1-6, and Ninveh relented from its evil ways, and was saved.

3

Mizrachi: In fact, that is precisely what Eliyahu told Chananyah ben Eizor (Refer to 18:21:1:1) - 'If your prophecy does not materialize, it will be known that you are a Navi Sheker, whereas if my prophecy is not fulfilled, it will be because Yisrael did Teshuvah and the decree was cancelled.'

3)

What if the Navi issues, not just a prophecy, but a command that clashes with the Torah?

1.

Rashi: We already learned (in Re'ei, in 13:4) that one is forbidden to listen to him and that the Navi is Chayav Misah - unless he is known to be a perfect Tzadik, 1 like Eliyahu on Har ha'Carmel, and he says to transgress only that once for a current need. 2

2.

Ramban (in Pasuk 21): As long as he is an established Navi, he is believed to negate a Mitzvah once, if necessary.


1

Refer to 18:15:3:1.

2

Refer to 18:18:1:1 and see Ramban, DH 've'Ulai' - who citing the Rambam, explains that it is only an established Tzadik of exceptional quality who is believed with a sign in the event that he claims to be a Navi.

4)

Why does the Torah add "Lo Sagur mimenu"?

1.

Rashi: It is a warning against failing to implicate him and not being afraid of getting punished for killing him. 1

2.

Ramban: It is a warbibg not to be afraid of him on account of his wisdom or on account of the sign or the wonder that he will demonstrate'.


1

See Torah Temimah, note 76.

5)

Who judges the Navi Sheker?

1.

Sanhedrin, 16a: We learn via a Gezeirah Shavah "Davar" "Davar" 17:11 from Zakein Mamrei 1 that he is judged by the Beis-Din of seventy-one.


1

Refer to 17:10:1:1.

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