What are the connotations of "Er'enu ve'Lo Atah..."?
Rashi: It means that Bil?am saw the praise of Ya?akov, only not now but later.
Rashbam: It means that Bil?am saw now what would happen but they would only happen in the future.
Seforno: It means that Bil?am saw now what this people (Yisral) was destined to do Balak?s people (Mo?av) in the days of Mashi?ach.
Rambam in Hilchos Melachim, 11:1: "Er'enu, ve'Lo Atah" - 'Zeh David'; "Ashurenu ve'Lo Karov" - 'Zeh Melech ha'Mashi'ach'; "Darach Kochav mi'Ya'akov" - 'Zeh David?; "ve'Kam Sheivet mi'Yisrael" - 'Zeh Melech ha'Mashi'ach'; "u'Machatz Pa'asei Mo'av" 1 - ; "ve'Karkar Kol B'nei Sheis" 2 - 'Zeh David'. 3
Why did Bil'am mention here "Er'enu ve'Lo Atah..."?
Ramban: Because each of his prophesies progressed further into the future, 1 and this is the first time that he prophesied about the days of Mashi'ach.
Da'as Zekenim: This can be compared to a king who was traveling and who became thirsty. When he asked where there is water; his enemy said 'it is far', to pain him. His friend said 'it is close', to assuage him. Similarly whereas Bil'am said that the salvation [of Yisrael - Mashi'ach - is far, Moshe 2 and Yeshayah 3 said that it is near.
Ramban: His first three prophecies concerned 1. that Yisrael were the portion of Hashem; 2. that they will conquer Eretz Yisrael and kill the Cana'ani kings and 3. that they will flourish in Eretz Yisrael and appoint a king who will defeat Agag, and the growth of the kingdom of David ha'Meelech.
"Ki Karov Yom Eidam" - Devarim 32:35.
"Ki Kerovah Yeshu'asi Lavo" - Yeshayah 56:1.
?Darach Kochav mi?Ya?akov ve?Sheivet mi?Yisrael ? ?. Who is this referring to?
Rashi #1 (citing Targum Onkelos): ?A king will arise from Ya?akov and Mashi?ach will become great in Yisrael. 1
Rashi #2 and Hadar Zekenim: "Darach Kochav" means that the star and the Mazal of Yisrael will become strong and ?ve?Kam Sheivet? refers to the staff and the strap of Sovereignty.
Ramban: Mashi'ach will arise from Ya?akov - a staff of kingship. 2
Seforno: ?Gashmi ve?Nitzchi? ? Mashi?ach who is physical and permanent (as opposed to the era of the two Batei-Mikdash - which came to an end when they were destroyed).
Targum Yonasan: A powerful king will arise from Ya?akov, a great saviour and a strong staff.
Yerushalmi Ta?anis, 4:5: R?Akiva, who initially believed Bar Kochba to be the Mashi?ach, Darshened ?Darach bar Kuziba (a pseudonym of bar Kochba) mi?Ya?akov?. 3
See also Ba'al ha'Turim.
Ramban: He referred to him as a star because, like a shooting-star, that travels from one end of the sky to the other, so too, will Mashi'ach gather all the exiles of Yisrael from the edge of the earth; See Daniel, 7:13. See also R. Chavel's footnotes on the previous Pasuk DH 'li'Yemos ha'Mashi'ach hi'.
See Torah Temimah, note 24.
What are the connotations of ?u?Machatz es Pa?asei Mo?av??
Rashi and Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: It refers to David ha?Melech 1 (Mashi?ach ? Targum Onkelos [the powerful king ? Targum Yonasan]) killing the nobles of Mo?av.
To whom is "Kol B'nei Sheis" referring?
Rashi: It refers to all of mankind - since all the world descended from Sheis (Adam ha'Rishon's son).
Targum Yonasan: It refers to the camp of Gog, who are destined to fight with Yisrael in the days of Mashi'ach.
Hadar Zekenim (citing the Riva): It refers to the B'nei Amon, who descend from Ervah 1 (the son of Lot from his daughter). 2
Chizkuni: It refers to Mo'av, who descend from Ervah. 3 (See answer #3).
R. Bachye: It refers to the foundations - the nations of the world. 4
R. Chaim Paltiel: It refers to all children of Z'nus. 5
"Sheis" refers to Ervah, as in Yeshayah 20:4 "va'Chashufei Sheis [Ervas Mitzrayim]".
I do not know why he mentions only Amon, and omits Mo'av. (PF)
I do not know why he mentions only Mo'av, and omits Amon. (PF).
R. Bachye: As in "Tehilim 11:3 "Ki ha'Shasos Yeharesun
R. Chaim Paltiel: as it says in Mishlei 7:10 "Shis Zonah" and "va'Chashufei Shes."
What is the translation of of "ve'Karkar Kol B'nei Sheis"?
Rashi: 'He will pierce all the sons of Sheis'.
Targum Onkelos: 'He will rule over all the B'nei Sheis'.
Targum Yonasan: 'And all the'nei Sheis will fall dead before him'.
Ibn Ezra (citing Midrash Agadah): 'He will destroy all the B'nei Sheis'. 1
Ibn Ezra (Ibid.): As in Yeshayah 22:5 "Mekarker Kir ve'Sho'a el ha'Har".
Rashi (and Targum Onkelos) write that "Kol B'nei Sheis" is all of mankind. If so, Yisrael are included! But Earlier, the Pasuk implies that Yisrael will have power?
Da'as Zekenim: Since earlier, the Pasuk implies that Yisrael have power, Yisrael are automaticlly excluded from this statement.
Refer to 24:17:4:2-5.
