What is the definition of "Chartumim"?
Rashi: Refer to Bereishis 41:8:2:1*
What is the difference between "be'Lahateihem" (here) and "be'Lateihem" (in Pasuk 22)?
Rashi (on Pasuk 22 [citing Chazal]) and Ramban: "be'Lateihem" a silent incantation performed via demons; 1 "be'Lahateihem", one performed via black-magic. 2
Malbim: Lahateihem is sleight of hand trickery, e.g. to bring skins of dead snakes and move them, and it appears that they are alive. 3
As in Bereishis (3:24) "Lahat ha'Cherev ha'Mis'hapeches" (Rashi here). See also Ramban.
Performed via fiery angels of destruction (See for example Melachim 2, 6:17 [Ramban]).
Malbim explains similarly in verse 22, even though it says b'Lateihem! It seems that he does not distinguish them (PF).
Why did Par'oh, who was certainly a magician in his own right - not turn his own staff into a snake?
Oznayim la'Torah: He took his cue from Moshe, who ordered his second-in-command to perform the miracle.
What is "Gam" coming to include?
Riva (on Pasuk 1): It includes the Egyptian children, who also did so, to show that it is not a big deal, since even children can do it! The Pasuk is inverted, as if it says "Par'oh called also to the Chachamim."
