What do we learn from "v'Seh Achas Min ha'Tzon [Min ha'Masayim]"?
Pesachim 48a: This teaches what may be offered [Tosfos 48a - for Korban Pesach]. "Seh", but not a Bechor; "Achas", but not Ma'aser; "Min ha'Tzon", but not a Palgas (a sheep in its 13th month. It is no longer a Keves (lamb), but it is not yet an Ayil (ram)).
Rashi: The most special in his flock. So Moshe said ? "Mivchar Nidreichem" (Devarim 12:11).
Radak: One who has 200 flock animals, for Chinuch ha'Bayis he will separate a Seh. "Achas" teaches that it will be a female. Seh can refer to a female 1 - "Bein Seh Viryah u'Vein Seh Razah" (34:30).
Malbim: The Nasi will receive one Seh from 200 of Yisrael.
We can prove so from the Chumash ? "v'Im Lo Sagi'a Yado Dei Seh" (Vayikra 5:7) applies to one who cannot afford a female lamb or kid! (PF)
What do we learn from "Min ha'Masayim"?
Rashi citing Pesachim 48a: For Nesachim, if a volume of Orlah or Kil'ai ha'Kerem fell into a pit, one may bring] from the remaining 200 volumes in the pit. This alludes to the [mid'Rabanan] law that Orlah and Kil'ai ha'Kerem are Batel in 200 times their own volume of Heter.
Malbim: The amounts that the Nasi receives ? one part in 60 [from wheat and barley], one part in 100 [of oil] and one part in 200 [of animals and other liquids] correspond to Shi'urim of Bitul, for these are small amounts and they are always Batel. We find Bitul in 60, Terumah is Oleh (Batel, but one must separate from the mixture and treat it like Terumah) in 100, and Orlah and Kil'ai ha'Kerem in 200 1 .
If such a small amount is always Batel, one Shi'ur should apply to all of them! Perhaps the Shi'urim are based on the smallest amount that normally gives taste. For most Isurim, e.g. meat and milk, Tereifah, blood? it is one part in 60. For Terumah, e.g. wine or oil, it is one part in 100. For Kil'ai ha'Kerem, which can be onions, garlic, [black or chili] pepper? it is one part in 200. (PF)
What do we learn from "mi'Mashke Yisrael"?
Pesachim 48a: All Yisrael's Korbanos must be from what is permitted to them [but not from Tevel]. Rashi ? the meal is called based on the drink (Mashke).
Radak: Yisrael will offer from the fat, chosen [animals] - "Mivchar Nidreichem" (Devarim 12:11), "Kol Chelev Yiyzhar" (Bamidbar 18:12). This is the opposite of what some did ? "V'Haveisem Gazul v'Es ha'Pise'ach v'Es ha'Choleh; ? v'Zove'ach Mashchas la'Shem" (Mal'achi 1:13-14).
Radak citing Targum Yonasan: From the fattened animals of Yisrael. This is like "u'Mo'ach Atzmosav Yeshukeh" (Iyov 21:24) ? a fattened animal is called Meshukeh.
Malbim: The Nasi will receive so (one part in 200) from liquids of Yisrael other than oil, e.g. wine and Shechar. He receives these gifts because it is upon him to offer Korbanos Tzibur and their Nesachim 1 . Surely they will give to him from Mashke Yisrael, which are Kosher for Nesachim!
All men give a half Shekel every year to pay for Korbanos Tzibur ? will this be Batel in the future?! (PF)
What is the significance of "l'Minchah ul'Olah veli'Shelamim"?
Radak: They will bring these to atone for their sins in Galus, or on the way to Galus.
Malbim: This explains why the Nasi takes from Yisrael grain, wine and oil ? wheat for Menachos 1 , and wine and oil for Nesachim. The Tzon will be for Olah and Shelamim, and Korbanos Tzibur needed to atone for them, e.g. goats of Rosh Chodesh and Mo'adim 2 that atone for the Tzibur. All will be incumbent on the Nasi.
The Tzibur brings only one 10th of an Eifah of barley per year (Minchah ha'Omer). Why does the Nasi receive one part in 60 of all their barley? Will virtually no one grow barley?! (PF)
These are Chata'os ? here it did not mention Chatas, but verse 17 does. The Tzibur offers 100 bulls every year in Musafim ? why does the Nasi not receive bulls? (PF)
