A Piv is not a Huchzak Kafran. Someone arguing with an Aid Echad is a Huchzak Kafran.
Piv can do Teshuva.
Aid Echad can be contradicted by a different Aid Echad (Hachasha), Piv cannot.
There is no way that Piv is stronger than Aid Echad.
Someone who is Kofer about a Milveh is
Pasul for Aidus, like someone who is Kofer about a Pikadon.
Kasher for Aidus. He doesn’t want to steal, he just doesn’t have the money right now, to repay.
Pasul for Aidus. He is contradicting two Aidim.
Kasher for Aidus in cases involving Makos and Misa, and Pasul for Aidus for cases involving money.
Now he is Pasul for Aidus, but he becomes Kasher for Aidus when he repays the money, even if Beis Din forces it away from him.
What is Hailach?
When the person accused of having borrowed $100 says that he only owes $50, and pulls $50 out of his wallet and gives it to the creditor.
When the person accused of having borrowed $100 tells the other person to walk away (הלך).
When the person accused of having borrowed $100 pulls $50 out of his wallet and gives it to the creditor, and tells him that this is the first installment of his $75 debt.
The Aramaic word for “we’re down to half an argument, on the second $50.”
When the creditor forgives the second $50 because he sees that the debtor barely has this $50 to pay him.
Why doesn’t a Maishiv Avaida have to swear that he returned the entire amount that he found?
It’s not a Modeh Bemiktzas Shevua because he came forth with the Avaida. Modeh Bemiktzas is only when the debtor goes after the creditor.
He is doing a Mitzva, which gives him immunity from legal claims against him.
It’s a Takana. Otherwise, people wouldn’t give back things that they find, out of the concern that they may be accused of stealing the “rest,” and having to swear or pay.
Very often he has a Migo that he can find Aidim who saw him pick it up. So Chazal made a Lo Plug.
Modeh Bemiktzas only applies to loans, not to other types of business deals.
Which objects are Potur from swearing about claims regarding them?