Mishnah 1
1)
(a)Over fruit that grows on a tree one recites 'Borei P'ri ha'Eitz', and over fruit that grows from the ground (legumes [see Meleches Shlomoh]), 'Borei P'ri ha'Adamah' (see Tosfos Yom Tov). What are the two exceptions (one from each)?
(b)What is the reason for the exceptions?
(c)According to the Tana Kama, over other vegetables too, one recites 'Borei P'ri ha'Adamah'. What does R. Yehudah say?
(d)What is his reason?
(e)Like whom is the Halachah?
1)
(a)Over fruit that grows on a tree one recites 'Borei P'ri ha'Eitz' (see Tosfos Yom Tov), and over fruit that grows from the ground (legumes [see Meleches Shlomoh]), 'Borei P'ri ha'Adamah' ha'Adamah' (see Tosfos Yom Tov) - with the exception of wine (over which one recites 'Borei P'ri ha'Gafen') and bread (over which one recites 'ha'Motzi Lechem min ha'Aretz') ...
(b)... because they are Chashuv in their own right (see Tosfos Yom Tov).
(c)According to the Tana Kama, over other vegetables too, one recites 'Borei P'ri ha'Adamah'. R. Yehudah says - 'Borei Miynei Desha'im' ...
(d)... because - the B'rachah incorporates legumes and herbs, and R. Yehudah requires a B'rachah to be more detailed.
(e)The Halachah - is like the Tana Kama.
2)
(a)Which B'rachah does one recite over cooked vegetables that are normally eaten raw, or vice-versa?
(b)What about those that can be eaten either raw or cooked?
2)
(a)Over cooked vegetables that are normally eaten raw, or vice-versa, one recites - 'she'ha'Kol Nih'yah bi'Devaro' ...
(b)... whereas those that can be eaten either raw or cooked one recites - 'Borei P'ri ha'Adamah'.
Mishnah 2
3)
(a)How do we classify a tree?
(b)On what condition does one recite 'Borei P'ri ha'Adamah' over a fruit that grows from what we would call a tree?
(c)What does the Tana say about someone who mistakenly recites ...
1. ... 'Borei P'ri ha'Adamah' over fruit of a tree?
2. ... 'Borei P'ri ha'Eitz' over fruit that grows from the ground?
(d)Why the difference (see Tosfos Yom Tov)?
3)
(a)We classify a tree - as one that has a branch that remains intact after the fruit has been picked.
(b)One recites 'Borei P'ri ha'Adamah' over a fruit that grows from what we would call a tree - if the fruit is synonymous with the branch.
(c)The Tana rules that someone who mistakenly recites ...
1. ... 'Borei P'ri ha'Adamah' over fruit of a tree - is Yotzei.
2. ... 'Borei P'ri ha'Eitz' over fruit that grows from the ground - is not (see Tosfos Yom Tov), and needs to recite the correct B'rachah before eating ...
(d)... because, whereas trees grow from the ground, the ground does not emanate from a tree (see Tosfos Yom Tov).
4)
(a)What if one recited 'she'Hakol Nih'yah bi'Devaro' over ...
1. ... either of the above?
2. ... bread or wine?
(b)Is one permitted to rely on this B'rachah for any fruit whose B'rachah one does not know?
4)
(a)Someone who recites 'she'Hakol Nih'yah bi'Devaro' over ...
1. ... either of the above, or over ...
2. ... bread or wine - is Yotzei.
(b)Lechatchilah - one is not permitted to rely on this B'rachah for any fruit whose B'rachah one does not know; rather one should learn the correct B'rachah.
Mishnah 3
5)
(a)What B'rachah does one recite over items of food that do not grow from the ground at all?
(b)What does the Tana Kama say about ...
1. ... vinegar, fruit that falls off a tree prematurely and locusts? What do they all have in common?
2. ... milk, cheese and eggs (see Tiferes Yisrael)?
(c)With which of the above does R. Yehudah disagree?
(d)Why is that?
(e)Like whom is the Halachah?
5)
(a)For items of food that do not grow from the ground at all one recites - 'she'ha'Kol Nih'yah bi'Devaro'.
(b)The Tana Kama rules that over ...
1. ... vinegar, fruit that falls off a tree prematurely and locusts - one recites 'she'ha'Kol Nih'yah bi'Devaro', despite the fact that they are all curses, and the same Halachah applies to ...
2. ... milk, cheese and eggs (see Tiferes Yisrael).
(c)R. Yehudah disagrees - with the former list (See Tosfos Yom Tov). In his opinion, one does not recite a B'rachah at all ...
(d)... since they constitute a curse.
(e)The Halachah - is like the Tana Kama.
Mishnah 4
6)
(a)According to R. Yehudah, a person who is about to eat a variety of fruits recites the B'rachah over one of the seven species. What are they?
(b)What is his reason?
(c)What do the Chachamim say?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
6)
(a)According to R. Yehudah, a person who is about to eat a variety of fruits recites the B'rachah over one of the seven species - wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives and dates ...
(b)... because Eretz Yisrael is praised with regard to these species.
(c)The Chachamim maintain - that one recites the B'rachah over the species that he prefers.
(d)The Halachah - is like the Chachamim (see Tiferes Yisrael).
Mishnah 5
7)
(a)What does the Mishnah say about reciting the B'rachah over wine that one drinks before the meal?
(b)What is wine 'after the meal' referring to?
(c)On what condition does this ruling apply?
7)
(a)The Mishnah rules that wine that one drinks before the meal - covers wine that one drinks after the meal ...
(b)... (i.e. before Bensching [see Tiferes Yisrael]).
(c)This ruling applies - on occasions such as Shabbos and Yom-Tov, when one tends to drink wine after the meal.
8)
(a)The Tana now discusses a similar ruling with regard to Parpera'os. What are Parpera'os?
(b)What does he say about Parpera'os that one eats before the meal?
(c)Why do they otherwise require an independent B'rachah?
8)
(a)The Tana now discusses a similar ruling with regard to Parpera'os - (things like meat, eggs and fish, that one tends to eat together with bread).
(b)The Mishnah rules that Parpera'os that one eats before the meal (as an hors-d'oeuvres) - exempt the Parpera'os that one eats after the meal (as a dessert) from a B'rachah.
(c)Otherwise, they require an independent B'rachah - because the Tana is speaking where they are being eaten after one has stopped eating bread.
9)
(a)If someone is eating both bread and parperes during the meal, what does the Tana say, assuming he first ate ...
1. ... bread?
2. ... Parperes?
(b)In connection with what we just learned (see Tiferes Yisrael), what do Beis Shamai say about 'Ma'aseh Kedeirah' (cooked barley, flour made from fresh corn or pancakes [see Tiferes Yisrael)?
9)
(a)If someone is eating both bread and parperes during the meal, the Tana rules, assuming he first ate ...
1. ... bread - that the Parperes does not require a B'rachah.
2. ... Parperes - that the bread does.
(b)In connection with what we just learned (see Tiferes Yisrael), Beis Shamai rule that the B'rachah that one recites over Parperes (or even bread [see Tiferes Yisrael]) - does not exempt the 'Ma'aseh Kedeirah' (cooked barley, flour made from fresh corn or pancakes) from a B'rachah either.
10)
(a)How do others interpret 'Parperes'?
(b)What do we gain by explaining it like that?
(c)What does the Tana Kama hold with regard to 'Ma'aseh Kedeirah' (see Tosfos Yom Tov)?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
10)
(a)Others interpret 'Parperes' as - bread that has been toasted in a dish, which has lost its shape, and over which one recites 'Borei Miynei Mezonos') ...
(b)... in which case, 'Af Lo Ma'aseh Kedeirah' goes on the Reisha too, in that both require the same B'rachah.
(c)According to the Tana Kama - it does (see Tosfos Yom Tov).
(d)The Halachah - is like the Tana Kama.
Mishnah 6
11)
(a)What does the Mishnah say about a group of people who sit down to eat?
(b)What is the significance of the fact that they are sitting?
(c)What will be the Din if they are all reclining?
(d)On what condition will the same Halachah apply even though they are only sitting?
11)
(a)The Mishnah rules that if a group of people sit down to eat - each person is obligated to recite his own B'rachah ...
(b)... because, since they are sitting - they are considered individuals, and one cannot be Motzi the other.
(c)If they all reclining however - then one of them can (and even should) be Motzi the whole group.
(d)The same Halachah will apply even if they are only sitting - should they announced 'Come let's eat over there!' (see also Tiferes Yisrael).
12)
(a)What happens if wine is brought to the table during the meal?
(b)One reason for this is because having to answer 'Amen' whilst eating might cause a person to choke. What is the alternative reason?
(c)What if the wine is brought after the meal (for Bensching [see Tosfos Yom Tov], also known as the 'Kos shel B'rachah')?
12)
(a)If wine is brought to the table during the meal - each person recites his own B'rachah.
(b)The reason for this is either because having to answer 'Amen' whilst eating might cause a person to choke - or because they are all in the process of eating, they are fully occupied, and will have difficulty in paying attention to the person who is reciting the B'rachah.
(c)If however, the wine is brought after the meal (for Bensching[see Tosfos Yom Tov], also known as the 'Kos shel B'rachah') - then one of them is Motzi them all with the B'rachah.
13)
(a)What does the Tana say about the person who recited the B'rachah over the Kos shel B'rachah?
(b)What is 'Mugmar'?
(c)What B'rachah does one recite over it?
(d)Why might we have thought that this is not the case?
13)
(a)The Tana rules that the same person who recited the B'rachah over the Kos shel B'rachah - recites the B'rachah over the Mugmar ...
(b)... spices (that are generally brought after Bensching)
(c)... over which one recites 'Borei Atzei Besamim'.
(d)We might have thought that this is not the case - because whereas the Kos shel B'rachah belongs to the Se'udah, the Mugmar is independent.
Mishnah 7
14)
(a)What does the Mishnah rule in a case where something salty is brought before a person to eat together with bread?
(b)What exactly is the case? What was the purpose of the salty food?
(c)What would be the Din if one were to begin the meal with a salty dish together with bread?
(d)On what principle are these rulings based?
14)
(a)The Mishnah rules that, in a case where something salty is brought before a person to eat together with bread - the B'rachah over the salty food covers the bread as well.
(b)The case is - where the salty food was brought to neutralize the taste left by excessive sweet fruit that he ate beforehand (see Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'Meli'ach' & 'she'ha'Pas Tefeilah lo').
(c)If one were to begin the meal with a salty dish together with bread - then one would recite the B'rachah over the bread that and not over the salty food.
(d)These rulings are based on the principle - that whenever one eats two foods, one the Ikar(the main dish), the other, a Tafeil (a secondary dish), it is only the former that requires a B'rachah, and not the latter.
Mishnah 8
15)
(a)What does Raban Gamliel say about someone who eats figs, grapes or pomegranates? What do all three have in common?
(b)What is his source?
(c)From which Pasuk do we learn the three B'rachos of Birkas Ha'mazon?
15)
(a)Raban Gamliel rules that someone who ate figs, grapes or pomegranates (see Tosfos Yom Tov - [which all belong to the Shiv'as ha'Minim {the seven species}]) is obligated to Bensch.
(b)His source is - the Pasuk in Eikev (which, as we shall see, is the source for Birchas ha'Mazon) 've'Achalta, ve'Sava'ta u'Verachta ... , which, in his opinion, refers to all Shiv'as ha'Minim mentioned just two Pesukim earlier.
(c)We learn the three B'rachos of Birchas ha'Mazon - from the Pasuk "u'Verachta (Birchas ha'Zan) es Hash-m Elokecha al ha'Aretz (Birchas ha'Aretz) ha'Tovah ('Boneh Yerushalayim' [which is called 'Tov']).
16)
(a)The Chachamim disagree. What do they say?
(b)How does the text differ in Eretz Yisrael from Chutz la'Aretz?
(c)On which other two occasions does one recite virtually the same B'rachah?
16)
(a)According to the Chachamim - the above fruits require B'rachah Achas Me'ein Shalosh (one B'rachah that incorporates three [i.e. 'Al ha'Eitz ... ').
(b)The text differs in Eretz Yisrael from Chutz la'Aretz - in that the last words before the final B'rachah as well as those of the B'rachah itself, change from 'al ha'Aretz ve'al ha'Peiros' to 'al ha'Aretz ve'al Peirosehah'.
(c)One recites the same basic B'rachah - after eating cake and after drinking wine.
17)
(a)The most radical opinion is that of R. Akiva. What does he say?
(b)What is his source?
(c)Like whom is the Halachah?
(d)Which B'rachah Acharonah does one recite over Shalak according to them?
17)
(a)The most radical opinion is that of R. Akiva, who says - that one needs to Bensch even over Shalak (a cooked dish of vegetables), if that is one's main meal ...
(b)... because, in his opinion, "ve'Achalta ve'Sava'ta u'Verachta ..." pertains to any meal that one eats.
(c)The Halachah is like the Chachamim - in whose opinion "ve'Achalta ve'Sava'ta u'Verachta ..." pertains to "Lechem" (which immediately precedes it) exclusively (see Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'B'rachah Achas').
(d)According to them, the B'rachah Acharonah that one recites over Shalak is - 'Borei Nefashos ... '.
18)
(a)In the B'rachah of 'Borei Nefashos', what is meant by ...
1. ... 've'Chesronan'?
2. ... 'al Kol Mah she'Bara Lehachayos bahem Nefesh Kol Chai'?
(b)How does the B'rachah conclude, according to the Yerushalmi?
(c)Why is that?
18)
(a)In the B'rachah of 'Borei Nefashos' ...
1. ... 've'Chesronan' refers to - the basics (such as bread and water, which one cannot do without), and ...
2. ... 'al Kol Mah she'Bara Lehachayos bahem Nefesh Kol Chai' - to the luxuries, (which one can live).
(b)According to the Yerushalmi, the B'rachah concludes - 'Baruch Atah Hash-m, Chei ha'Olamim' ...
(c)... because it falls under the category of a long B'rachah (seeing as it contains various issues).
19)
(a)According to the Tana Kama, someone who drinks water 'le'Tzima'o' (to quench his thirst) recites 'she'ha'Kol Nih'yah bi'Devaro'. Why does the Mishnah add the word 'le'Tzima'o'?
(b)What does R. Tarfon say?
(c)Whyat B'rachah does one then recite after it?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
19)
(a)According to the Tana Kama, someone who drinks water 'li'Tzema'o' (to quench his thirst - as opposed to someone who drinks it to dislodge food that is stuck in one's throat [for example]) recites 'she'ha'Kol Nih'yah bi'Devaro'.
(b)According to R. Tarfon, the B'rachah that one recites before drinking water is 'Borei Nefashos'.
(c)One does not recite any B'rachah after it (see Tiferes Yisrael).
(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
Hadran alach 'Keitzad Mevorchin'
