ZEVACHIM 45 (14 Sivan) - Dedicated by Doug Rabin in memory of his mother, Leah Miriam bat Yisroel (Lucy) Rabin, in honor of her Yahrzeit.

1)

(a)The Mishnah discusses a Korban that is donated by a Nochri. From which three Pesulim do all Tana'im agree the Korban of a Nochri is exempt?

(b)Rebbi Shimon exempts it from Shechutei Chutz as well. What does Rebbi Yossi say?

(c)What does Rebbi Shimon in a Beraisa say about Me'ilah with regard to the Korban of a Nochri? May one derive benefit from it?

(d)Neither can the owner declare a Temurah on them. What does he mean when he says that Nochrim cannot bring Nesachim?

1)

(a)The Mishnah discusses the Korban that is donated by a Nochri. All Tana'im agree that the Korban of a Nochri is not subject to - Pigul, Nosar and Tamei.

(b)Rebbi Shimon exempts it from Shechutei Chutz as well. According to Rebbi Yossi however - the Korban of a Nochri is subject to Shechutei Chutz.

(c)Rebbi Shimon rules in a Beraisa that Kodshei Ovdei-Kochavim are not subject to Me'ilah either - though one may not derive benefit from it (mi'de'Rabbanan).

(d)Neither can the owner declare a Temurah on them. When he says that Nochrim cannot bring Nesachim - he means independently. Their Korbanos however, are subject to Nesachim, just like those of a Yisrael.

2)

(a)What does Rebbi Yossi say about all this? From where in Acharei-Mos does he learn it?

(b)Which kind of Kodshim belonging to Nochrim are subject to Me'ilah, even according to Rebbi Shimon?

(c)Which of the above leniencies does Rebbi Shimon learn from ...

1. ... the Gezeirah-Shavah "Chet" "Chet" from Terumah?

2. ... the Pasuk in Acharei-Mos "Ish Ish mi'Beis Yisrael" (see Shitah Mekubetzes 1)?

(d)If Rebbi Shimon exempts the Korban of a Nochri from the Isur of Tum'ah, from "b'nei Yisrael", what does he learn from the Gezeirah-Shavah ...

1. ... "Avon" "Avon"?

2. ... "Chilul" "Chilul"?

2)

(a)Rebbi Yossi rules that - the Korban of a Nochri is subject to all the above, because the Torah (in Acharei-Mos) writes "la'Hashem" to include them.

(b)Even according to Rebbi Shimon - Kodshei Bedek ha'Bayis belonging to Nochrim are subject to Me'ilah.

(c)Rebbi Shimon learns from ...

1. ... the 'Gezeirah-Shavah' "Chet" "Chet" from Terumah that - Kodshei Ovdei-Kochavim are not subject to Me'ilah.

2. ... the Pasuk "Ish Ish mi'Beis Yisrael" (see Shitah Mekubetzes 1) that - they are not subject to Tum'ah.

(d)Rebbi Shimon exempts the Korban of a Nochri from the Isur of Tum'ah, from "b'nei Yisrael", and he learns from the Gezeirah-Shavah ...

1. ... "Chilul" "Chilul" (from Tum'ah) that - the same applies to Nosar.

2. ... "Avon" "Avon" - that Pigul is like Nosar.

3)

(a)The Torah writes in Korach "Ki Sikchu me'es B'nei Yisrael", to preclude Nochrim from Ma'aser Dagan. What do we learn from the Pasuk ...

1. ... in Re'ei "Aser Te'aser" (initially)?

2. ... in Bechukosai "Vehayah hu u'Semuraso"?

(b)What is the problem with ...

1. ... this dual Limud?

2. ... the answer Ma'aser Beheimah Chulin hu?

(c)How do we resolve the issue? On what basis are Nochrim not subject to Ma'aser Beheimah even without the Hekesh to Ma'aser Dagan?

(d)Seeing as they are not eligible to bring any obligatory Korbanos at all, why do we add the clause she'Ein lahem Z'man?

3)

(a)The Torah writes in Korach "Ki Sikchu me'es B'nei Yisrael", to preclude Nochrim from Ma'aser Dagan. And we learn from the Pasuk ...

1. ... in Re'ei "Aser Te'aser" (initially) that - Ma'aser Beheimah has the same Din in this regard as Ma'aser Dagan.

2. ... in Bechukosai "Vehayah Hu u'Semuraso" that - Temurah has the same Din as Ma'aser Beheimah.

(b)The problem with ...

1. ... this dual Limud is that - in the realm of Kodshim, we cannot learn one Hekesh from another Hekesh.

2. ... the answer Ma'aser Beheimah Chulin hu is that - this is fine according to those who go after the Melamed (the original Hekdesh animal), but according to those who go after the Lameid (Temurah, in this case), this answer is not valid.

(c)We resolve the issue, by pointing out that Nochrim are not subject to Ma'aser Beheimah even without the Hekesh to Ma'aser Dagan - because Nochrim are not eligible to bring obligatory Korbanos that have a fixed time.

(d)Despite the fact that they are not eligible to bring any obligatory Korbanos at all, we add the clause she'Ein lahem Z'man - because this incorporates Ma'aser Beheimah, Chatas and Asham, which they are never Chayav; whereas Chovos S'tam would incorporate Olos and Shelamim, which they are eligible to bring (when they are brought as Nedavos).

4)

(a)What do we learn from the Pasuk in Sh'lach-l'cha (in connection with Nesachim) ...

1. ... "Kol ha'Ezrach"?

2. ... "Kachah Ye'aseh la'Shor"?

(b)Bearing in mind that Rebbi Shimon precludes Nochrim from the aspects of Kodshim learned above from the Gezeirah-Shavah "Chet" "Chet" from Terumah, on what grounds does he confine that to Kodshei Mizbe'ach?

4)

(a)We learn from the Pasuk in Sh'lach-l 'cha...

1. ... "Kol ha'Ezrach" that - Nochrim are not eligible to bring independent Nesachim.

2. ... "Kachah Ye'aseh la'Shor" that - their Korbanos nevertheless require Nesachim.

(b)Bearing in mind that Rebbi Shimon precludes Nochrim from the various aspects of Kodshim learned above, from the Gezeirah-Shavah "Chet" "Chet" from Terumah, he confines that to Kodshei Mizbe'ach - on the grounds that Kodshei Mizbe'ach, like Terumah, are Kedushas ha'Guf, to preclude Kodshei Bedek ha'Bayis, which are Kedushas Damim.

45b----------------------------------------45b

5)

(a)What does the Tana mean when he talks about Dam she'Nitma being Meratzeh? What enables blood that becomes Tamei to atone?

(b)And what does he mean when he rules that Dam she'Nitma ve'Zarko ...

1. ... be'Shogeg Hurtzah?

2. ... be'Meizid Lo Hurtzah?

(c)Why can we not take this ruling literally (to mean that the Korban is Pasul and he is obligated to bring another one)?

(d)In which case does the Tana say ...

1. ... Hurtzah, even be'Meizid?

2. ... Lo Hurtzah, even be'Shogeg?

5)

(a)When the Tana talks about Dam she'Nitma being Meratzeh, he means that - the Tzitz worn by the Kohen Gadol waives the P'sul of Tum'ah (Bedieved), enabling the blood to atone.

(b)And when he rules that Dam she'Nitma ve'Zarko ...

1. ... be'Shogeg Hurtzah, he means that - it even permits the Basar to be eaten.

2. ... be'Meizid Lo Hurtzah, he means that - the Rabbanan issued a K'nas, forbidding the Basar to be eaten.)

(c)We cannot explain it literally (to mean that the Korban is Pasul and he is obligated to bring another one) - because since min ha'Torah, the Korban atones, if the Chachamim were to obligate the owner to bring another Korban, it would constitute Chulin ba'Azarah.

(d)The Tana rules ...

1. ... Hurtzah, even be'Meizid - by a Korban Tzibur.

2. ... Lo Hurtzah, even be'Shogeg - by the Korban of a Nochri.

6)

(a)Why did the Rabbanan of Rav Papa think that the author of the latter ruling cannot be Rebbi Yossi?

(b)What did Rav Papa say to them, based on the Pasuk in Tetzaveh (in connection with the Tzitz) "le'Ratzon lahem"?

(c)How did Rav Huna b'rei de'Rav Yehoshua query Rav Papa from the Pasuk in Emor (in connection with Tum'ah) "asher heim Makdishim Li" (bearing in mind that we are currently dealing with the opinion of Rebbi Yossi)?

(d)How does Rav Ashi finally preclude Ritzuy Tzitz from the word "le'Ratzon"?

6)

(a)The Rabbanan of Rav Papa thought that the author of the latter ruling cannot be Rebbi Yossi - who learns from "la'Hashem" that the Korban of a Nochri is a full-fledged Korban.

(b)Based on the Pasuk in Tetzaveh (in connection with the Tzitz) "le'Ratzon lahem " Rav Papa told them that - even Rebbi Yossi will concede to this Halachah, since the Pasuk precludes the Korbanos of Nochrim, from the word "lahem" (implying that 'B'nei Yisrael's Korbanos exclusively are subject to Ritzuy Tzitz).

(c)Rav Huna b'rei de'Rav Yehoshua queried Rav Papa from the Pasuk (in connection with Tum'ah) "asher heim Makdishim Li" - which by the same token, ought to preclude the Korbanos of Nochrim from the Din of Tum'ah, yet Rebbi Yossi (with whose opinion we are currently dealing), specifically includes them.

(d)Rav Ashi finally precludes Ritzuy Tzitz (not from the word "lahem, but) from "le'Ratzon" - because the Korban of a Nochri, which is merely a gift, has nothing to do with Ritzuy (Kaparah).

7)

(a)All the items that we precluded earlier in the Perek (such as the Kometz and the Ketores) from the Isur of Pigul, our Mishnah includes in the Isur of Nosar and Tamei, except for one. What is the sole exception?

(b)Which three items is Rebbi Shimon coming to preclude when he restricts the Din of Tum'ah to Kodshim that are edible?

7)

(a)All the items that we precluded earlier in the Perek (such as the Kometz and the Ketores) from the Isur of Pigul, our Mishnah includes in the Isur of Nosar and Tamei - with the sole exception of Dam.

(b)When Rebbi Shimon restricts the Din of Tum'ah to Kodshim that are edible - he is coming to preclude Eitzim, Levonah and Ketores, which are not.

8)

(a)Why do we initially think that the Isur Tum'ah should only pertain to Kodshim that have parts that are permitted both to the people and to the Mizbe'ach?

(b)Pigul has three Chumros over Tum'ah. One of them is that it is bi'Kevi'a. What does this mean?

(c)The second is that one Yedi'ah suffices, whereas Tum'ah requires a Yedi'ah at the beginning as well as at the end. Which is the Yedi'ah that is required in the case of Pigul?

(d)What is the third Chumra of Pigul?

8)

(a)We initially think that the Isur Tum'ah should only pertain to Kodshim that have parts that are permitted both to the people and to the Mizbe'ach - because that is the Din by Pigul (from which we will now try learn it with a Kal va'Chomer).

(b)Pigul has three Chumros over Tum'ah. One of them is that it is bi'Kevi'a - if one transgresses, one brings a fixed Chatas (whereas for Tum'ah, one is Chayav a Korban Oleh ve'Yored).

(c)The second is that one Yedi'ah will suffice - the one at the end; whereas Tum'ah requires a Yedi'ah at the beginning and a Yedi'ah at the end.

(d)The third Chumra of Pigul is that - it does not become permitted in the case of a Tzibur (such as a Korban Pesach, like Tum'ah does).

9)

(a)So what do we learn from the Pasuk in Acharei-Mos (in connection with Tum'as Kodshim) ...

1. ... "asher heim Makdishim Li"?

2. ... "asher Yikrav"? How does Rebbi Elazar explain this (seeing as one is not Chayav for touching Kodshim be'Tum'ah)?

(b)From which Pasuk in Emor do we learn that one is not Chayav for touching Kodshim be'Tum'ah?

(c)What is an example of ...

1. ... Yesh lo Matirin?

2. ... Ein lo Matirin? When does such Kodshim become subject to Tum'ah?

(d)From where do we know that the same applies to Nosar?

(e)We suggest that one should rather learn Nosar from Tum'ah (than "Avon" Avon" from Pigul) because it is similar to it in 'Gezel' (Guf, Zerikah and Chilul ). Guf means that they are both Pesulei ha'Guf (as opposed to Pigul which is a P'sul Machshavah). What is the meaning of ...

1. ... Zerikah?

2. ... Chilul?

9)

(a)So we learn from the Pasuk in Acharei-Mos (in connection with Tum'as Kodshim) ...

1. ... "asher heim Makdishim Li" that - Tum'ah applies even to Kodshim that does not have parts that are permitted both to the people and to the Mizbe'ach.

2. ... "asher Yikrav" that - in the case of a Korban which has Matirin, the Chiyuv of Tum'ah only applies once the Matirin have been brought (and not that one is Chayav for touching it be'Tum'ah ...

(b)... since the Torah writes in Emor "Ish Ish mi'Zera Aharon ... ba'Kodshim Lo Yochal").

(c)An example of ...

1. ... Yesh lo Matirin is - the Emurin or the Basar.

2. ... Ein lo Matirin is - the Minchas Kohanim, which becomes subject to Tum'ah as soon as it has been sanctified in a K'li Shareis.

(d)We know that the same applies to Nosar - from the Gezeirah-Shavah of "Chilul" "Chilul".

(e)We suggest that one should rather learn Nosar from Tum'ah because it is similar in 'Gezel' (Guf, Zerikah and Chilul. Guf means that they are both Pesulei ha'Guf (as opposed to Pigul, which is a P'sul Machshavah) ...

1. ... Zerikah that - they are not (unlike Pigul, which is determined by the Zerikas ha'Dam) and ...

2. ... Chilul that - the Torah writes "Chilul" by both of them (which it does not do by Pigul).

10)

(a)We counter the above suggestion however, with the fact that Nosar is similar to Pigul as regards Hutar, Tzitz, Tahor, bi'Zeman and Kareiv. If Hutar means that neither of them is permitted by a Korban Tzibur; Tzitz, that the Tzitz does not atone for either of them, and Tahor, just like it suggests, what is the meaning of ...

1. ... bi'Zeman?

2. ... Kareiv?

(b)We finally learn Nosar from Tani Levi. What does Levi's Beraisa learn from the words "ve'Lo "Yechal'lu" (in the Pasuk [prior to that of "asher heim Makdishim Li"] "ve'Lo Yechalelu es Sheim Kodshi")? What should the Torah otherwise have written?

10)

(a)We counter the above suggestion however, with the fact that Nosar is similar to Pigul as regards Hutar, Tzitz, Tahor, bi'Zeman and Kareiv. Hutar means that neither of them is permitted by a Korban Tzibur, Tzitz, that the Tzitz does not atone for either of them and Tahor just like it suggests, the meaning of ...

1. ... bi'Zeman is, that - as opposed to Tum'ah, both have to do with time, and ...

2. ... Kareiv that - both are talking about the P'sul of Kodshim, whereas Tum'ah refers to Tum'as ha'Guf (where the person is Tamei).

(b)We finally learn Nosar from Tani Levi, which learns from the words "ve'Lo "Yechal'lu" (in the Pasuk [prior to that of "asher heim Makdishim Li"] "ve'Lo Yechal'lu es Sheim Kodshi"), instead of 've'Lo Yechalu' that - the Torah is referring to two Pesulim, Nosar and Tum'ah.

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