ZEVACHIM 97 (7 Av) - Dedicated in memory of Dr. Simcha Bekelnitzky (Simcha Gedalya ben Shraga Feibush) of Queens, N.Y., Niftar 7 Av 5757, by his wife and daughters. G-d-fearing and knowledgeable, Simcha was well known in the community for his Chesed and Tzedakah. He will long be remembered.

[97a - 51 lines; 97b - 26 lines]

1a)[line 1]ùôåãSHEPUD- a spit (skewer)

b)[line 1]àñëìàASKELA- (O.F. gradille) grill

2)[line 3]òùàå ìëåìï á÷ø àçãASA'O L'CHULAN BOKER ECHAD- the verse makes for all of them (all of the days of the festival) one morning (and we thus consider all of the days of the festival to be considered a single day)

3)[line 8]ðòùä âéòåì ìçáéøåNA'ASEI GI'UL LA'CHAVEIRO- it becomes expelled food particles for the next item cooked in the pot [the next day, and thus the food particles, or taste, of the Shelamim absorbed in the walls of the pot do not become Nosar]

4)[line 10]îîúéï ìä òã æîï àëéìäMAMTIN LAH AD ZEMAN ACHILAH- one should wait until the time of eating [the Kodshim] (that is, one waits the entire time they are permitted (TOSFOS); see, however, RAMBAM and other Rishonim), and afterwards does Merikah and Shetifah)

5)[line 13]"... åÌîÉøÇ÷ åÀùÑËèÌÇó [áÌÇîÌÈéÄí]""... U'MORAK V'SHUTAF [BA'MAYIM]"- "... it should be purged and rinsed [in water]" (Vayikra 6:21) - The next verse begins, "Every male among the Kohanim may eat it." This teaches that Merikah and Shetifah are done after waiting the time that they are eaten (or waiting until the time that they may be eaten).

6)[line 14]äà ëéöã?HA KEITZAD?- What is the purpose of the proximity of these verses? (RASHI)

7a)[line 17]öåðïTZONEN- cold water

b)[line 18]çîéïCHAMIN- hot water

8)[line 19]âéòåìé òåáãé ëåëáéíGI'ULEI OVDEI KOCHAVIM- the prohibited food items of idolaters (the taste of which is absorbed in their utensils, and thus a Jew may not eat any food cooked in those utensils until they are properly Kashered)

9)[line 30]ðàëìéï ëçîåøéïNE'ECHALIN KA'CHAMURIM- they are eaten in accordance with the laws of the more stringent item in the mixture

10)[line 31]îâòMAGA- touch (this refers to Kodshim that are Pesulim which touch another item, thereby causing that item to absorb the taste of the Kodshim Pesulim)

11)[line 31]ø÷é÷REKIK- a flat Matzah saturated with oil. This is one of the four types of baked Minchah (flour) offerings

12)[line 32]çúéëäCHATICHAH- a piece of meat (of a Korban)

13)[line 33]î÷åí ùáìòMAKOM SHE'BALA- the place [on the permitted item] which absorbed the taste [of the Kodesh item]

14)[line 39]ìà áòåLO BA'U- [granted,] it does not need [Merikah at the end of the time of eating of Kodshei Kodashim, since the taste of the Kodshei Kodashim is annulled in the mixture]

15)[line 39]÷ãùéí ÷ìéí ðéáòé!KODASHIM KALIM NIBA'I!- but it should require [Merikah at the end of the time of eating of] Kodshei Kalim!

16)[line 46][ãàìéîà] (ãîáèìé) [ìáèåìé] ÷ãùéí ãìàå îéðééäå[D'ALIMA] (D'MEVATLEI) [LI'VETULEI] KODASHIM D'LAV MINAIHU- [Chulin items] are strong enough to annul Kodshim items, because they are not of the same type (because one is Chulin and one is Kodshim)

97b----------------------------------------97b

17a)[line 3]âéãéïGIDIN- sinews

b)[line 4]òöîåúATZAMOS- bones

c)[line 4]÷øðéíKARNAYIM- horns

d)[line 4]èìôéíTELAFIM- hooves

18)[line 6]úàëì ëçîåø ùáäTE'ACHEL KA'CHAMUR SHE'BAH- it should be eaten in accordance with the laws of the more stringent item that is in it

19a)[line 7]òùäASEI- the positive commandment to eat parts of certain types of Kodshim (Shemos 29:33)

b)[line 7]ìà úòùäLO SA'ASEI- the prohibition against eating disqualified Kodshim (Shemos 29:34)

c)[line 7]åðéúé òùä åìéãçé àú ìà úòùäV'NEISI ASEI V'LIDCHI ES LO SA'ASEI - and let the Asei come and override the Lo Sa'asei (ASEI DOCHEH LO SA'ASEI)

(a)When an Isur Lo Sa'asei prohibits a certain action that prevents a person from performing a Mitzvas Asei, the Torah states that the Asei is able to "push aside" the Lo Sa'asei. For example, when a person wants to wear a four-cornered linen garment, the Isur of Sha'atnez prohibits attaching woolen threads to it. However, the Mitzvah of Tzitzis requires attaching threads of Techeles (that are made of wool) to this garment. The Torah commands that in this case the Mitzvas Asei overrides the Lo Sa'asei.

(b)The Tana'im argue as to the source of this Halachah. Some learn it from the fact that the Torah specifically wrote the Mitzvah of Tzitzis and the Isur of Sha'atnez as adjacent verses (Semuchin), an indication that the Mitzvah of Tzitzis overrides the Isur of Sha'atnez (Yevamos 4a). Others learn it from different sources (Yevamos 5a, Nazir 41a, 58a).

(c)Even though an Asei normally overrides a Lo Sa'asei, this is not the rule in every case. The Gemara explains that in certain instances, the Asei does not have the power to override the Lo Sa'asei. Some examples are:

1.A Lo Sa'asei that is punishable by Kares is not pushed aside by an Asei (Yevamos 3b).

2.An action that is prohibited by both a Lo Sa'asei and an Asei is not pushed aside by a different Mitzvas Asei (Chulin 141a). The Gemara here will discuss such a case, in which the Asei to eat Kodshim does not override the Lo Sa'asei against eating Kodshim that are Pesulim and the Isur Asei that only valid Kodshim may be eaten ("Yikdash"; see below, entry #22).

3.Only in a case where the performance of the Asei coincides with the transgression of the Lo Sa'asei did the Torah command that the Asei takes precedence. If performance of the Asei is only accomplished after the transgression of the Lo Sa'asei, the Lo Sa'asei is not pushed aside (Shabbos 133a). (There are those who write that if a person begins to perform a Mitzvas Asei while transgressing a Lo Sa'asei, even though the Asei is not yet completed by the time the Lo Sa'asei is transgressed, it pushes aside the Lo Sa'asei - NIMUKEI YOSEF to Bava Metzi'a 33a).

4.If it is possible to perform the Asei, in the case under discussion, without transgressing the Lo Sa'asei (by performing the Asei in a different way or at a different time), the Asei does not push aside the Lo Sa'asei (Yevamos 20b - see TOSFOS YESHANIM to Shabbos 25a). (The Rishonim argue as to whether an Asei pushes aside a Lo Sa'asei when it is possible to perform the Asei without transgressing the Lo Sa'asei, through the use of a certain item that the person does not currently have the means to obtain (RASHBA to Yevamos 4b).

(d)The Rishonim explored the possibility that an Asei also does not push aside a Lo Sa'asei in other cases:

1.When one person performs a Mitzvas Asei by doing a certain action in which two people transgress the Lo Sa'asei.

2.When the action is prohibited by two Mitzvos Lo Sa'asei, and not only one (TOSFOS to Yevamos 3b DH Lo Sa'asei).

3.When the action is prohibited in another instance by a Lo Sa'asei and an Asei, even though in the case at hand there is only a Lo Sa'asei that prevents it (TOSFOS to Kidushin 34a DH Ma'akeh).

20)[line 9]"... åÀòÆöÆí ìÉà úÄùÑÀáÌÀøåÌ áåÉ""... V'ETZEM LO SISHBERU VO"- "... and you shall not break any bone in it" (Shemos 12:46) - No bones of the Korban Pesach are allowed to be broken while fulfilling the Mitzvah to eat the Korban Pesach, even though there is a Mitzvah to eat all of the flesh, which would apparently include the marrow inside the bones.

21)[line 10]îåçMO'ACH- bone marrow

22)[line 13]"[ëÌÉì àÂùÑÆø éÄâÌÇò áÌÄáÀùÒÈøÈäÌ] éÄ÷ÀãÌÈùÑ...""[KOL ASHER YIGA BI'VESARAH] YIKDASH..."- "[Whatever shall touch its flesh] shall be holy..." (Vayikra 6:20) - The Gemara derives from this verse an additional Mitzvas Asei which prohibits the eating of an item that was touched (and absorbed the taste of) Kodshim which are Pesulim.

23)[line 15](ãîú÷ãù) [ãî÷ãùú] ááìåò(D'MISKADESH) [D'MEKADESHES] B'VALU'A- it causes other items to become consecrated through the absorption of its taste

24)[line 17]"æÉàú äÇúÌåÉøÈä ìÈòÉìÈä, ìÇîÌÄðÀçÈä, åÀìÇçÇèÌÈàú, åÀìÈàÈùÑÈí, åÀìÇîÌÄìÌåÌàÄéí, åÌìÀæÆáÇç äÇùÌÑÀìÈîÄéí""ZOS HA'TORAH LA'OLAH, LA'MINCHAH, VELA'CHATAS, VELA'ASHAM, VELA'MILU'IM, UL'ZEVACH HA'SHELAMIM"- "This is the law regarding the Olah sacrifice (burnt offering), the Minchah (meal offering), the Chatas (sin offering), the Asham sacrifice (certain other sin offerings), the sacrifices on the days of the Milu'im (consecrating sacrifices), and the Shelamim sacrifice (peace offering)" (Vayikra 7:37).

25)[line 18]èòåðä ëìéTE'UNAH KELI- it requires a Kli Shares, a consecrated utensil [for its slaughter; that is, a metal knife must be used, and not a sharpened stone or reed] (compare with Audio Shi'ur to Zevachim 47: The Shechitah Knife of Korbanos - July 27. 03)

26)[line 19]îæø÷MIZRAK- a bowl (used to receive the blood of the Korban)

27)[line 20]"åÇéÌÄ÷ÌÇç îÉùÑÆä çÂöÄé äÇãÌÈí åÇéÌÈùÒÆí áÌÈàÇâÌÈðÉú...""VA'YIKACH MOSHE CHATZI HA'DAM VA'YASEM BA'AGANOS..."- "And Moshe took half of the blood and placed it in the bowls..." (Shemos 24:6) - The Gemara derives from this verse that Shalmei Tzibur (public Shelamim offerings, as described in Shemos 24:5) require that a consecrated bowl be used to receive the blood.

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