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1) [line 4] DEVER - a [deathly] plague 2) [line 4] MAPOLES - the collapse of walls and houses [caused by the wind] 3) [line 7] HA'MOTZI'AH CHAMESH ME'OS RAGLI - which produces five hundred men [for the army (RABEINU CHANANEL to 21a; this presumably refers to those who are between the ages of twenty and sixty, as per Shemos 12:37)] 4) [line 8] SHELOSHAH MESIM B'SHELOSHAH YAMIM ZEH ACHAR ZEH - three corpses over three consecutive days, one per day 5a) [line 10] SHIDAFON - a) blight (a disease that affects crops); b) crops damaged by searing eastern winds b) [line 10] YERAKON - a) disease [that affects people] (RASHI); b) mildew [affecting the crops] (RASHI to Devarim 28:22) 6a) [line 11] ARBEH - the Sudanese or desert locust, which reach Eretz Yisrael in large numbers (according to Yemenite tradition, Arbeh refer to a specific red species of locusts) b) [line 11] CHASIL - an especially destructive species of locust 7) [line 11] CHAYAH RA'AH - [a plague of] wild animals 8) [line 12] HA'CHEREV - lit. the sword; i.e., an invading army 9) [line 12] MAKAH MEHALECHES - a calamity that travels from one place to another 10) [line 14] MELO (PI) TANUR - an oven-full 11) [line 15] ASHKELON - a city outside of Eretz Yisrael, in Pelishti territory 12) [line 16] ZE'EVIM - wolves 13) [line 16] EVER HA'YARDEN - a) modern-day Jordan; b) the lowlands and hills surrounding Lod and Beis Choron, on the west bank of the Jordan River (RAMABM Hilchos Shemitah v'Yovel 7:9) 14) [line 18] MASRI'IN - we recite the prayer [beginning with "Aneinu"] 15) [line 18] SHE'HIKIFUHA NOCHRIM - that was surrounded by [a marauding] Nochri [army] 16) [line 19] NAHAR - an [overflowing] river [that threatens to submerge fields or houses] 17) [line 19] SEFINA HA'MITAREFES BA'YAM - a storm-tossed boat 18a) [line 20] L'EZRA - a) for [human] help; b) [solitarily in one's home] for [Hashem's] help b) [line 20] LI'TZE'AKAH - a) to cry out [in prayer]; b) to cry out [in public prayer] 19) [line 21] HA'TIMNI - from Timnas (alt. Timnah). This is the village of Tibnah, located between Beit Shemesh and Yavneh. At the time it was a major city. 20) [line 22] TZARAH SHE'LO SAVO - lit. calamity that will not come; this is a euphemistic term that refers to a calamity that has already occurred 21) [line 23] ROV GESHAMIM - an overabundance of rain 22) [line 24] CHONI HA'ME'AGEL - a) Choni the circle-maker (RASHI to Menachos 94b); b) Some link "ha'Me'agel" with the concept of "Ma'agilin b'Ma'agilah" -- "leveling [a roof] with a roller" (Moed Katan 11a, Makos 7a). These commentators explain that Choni was a roof-leveler. It is possible that both of these explanations are true; Chazal may given Choni the title of "ha'Me'agel" since it alluded both to his occupation and the miracle associated with him (see Background to Daf 21 regarding Nachum Ish Gamzu.) 23) [line 25] TANUREI PESACHIM - ovens in the doorway [constructed from clay, which is not waterproof] 24) [line 26] YIMOKU - disintegrate 25) [line 26] AG UGAH - he drew a circle [in the ground] 26a) [line 29] MENATFIN - to drip b) [line 30] B'ZA'AF - with angry [force] 27a) [line 30] RATZON - willingly provided b) [line 30] NEDAVAH - generous 28) [line 33] NIMCHEIS EVEN HA'TO'IN - the Even ha'To'in has been covered with water. The Even ha'To'in was a large flat stone located in Yerushalayim. Anyone who either lost or found an object would congregate there; the finders would publicize their finds, and the losers would claim their objects after providing Simanim (identifying characteristics) (Bava Metzia 28b). The Even ha'To'in was so high that it would not lie underwater unless a deluge came to the world; in effect, Choni ha'Me'agel was stating that he refused to pray that the rain let up (BARTENURA). 29) [line 33] ILMALEI - if not for 30) [line 34] (NIDUY) [L'NADOS] - to be excommunicated 31) [line 34] MISCHATEI - a) (O.F. forfais) act incorrectly (RASHI here); b) visit often (RASHI to Menachos 66a and Bechoros 57b); c) long for (BARTENURA) d) are pampered (ARUCH) e) plead (RABEINU GERSHOM) 32) [line 34] [LI'FNEI HA'MAKOM] - in front of Hash-m 33) [line 36] "YISMACH AVICHA V'IMECHA, V'SAGEL YOLADTECHA." - "Your father and mother shall rejoice, and your forebears shall exult" (Mishlei 23:25). The Maharsha explains that "Avicha" refers to Hash-m, "Imecha" to Klal Yisrael", and "Yoladtecha" to one's biological parents. 34) [line 37] NETZ HA'CHAMAH - sunrise 35) [line 37] LO YASHLIMU - they should not complete the fast 36) [line 40] HALEL HA'GADOL - Tehilim 136. This chapter is called "The Great Praise" due to the mention of the following central principle: "He gives sustenance to all flesh, for his kindness is forever" (136:25). 37) [line 45] YAVSHU, LO - if the grain has dried out, then a) [we] do not [declare fast days, since the grain is beyond the point from which it can be saved]; b) [there is] no need [to declare fast days, since the grain will recover on its own] 38) [line 46] D'[HADAR] AKUN - a) that it rose a bit in its stalk [after having dried out]; b) that it [already] rose a bit in its stalk [before drying out] 39) [line 46] AKANTA MILSA HI - a) that which it rose a bit in its stalk is [a] significant [indication that it is still salvageable]; b) that which it rose a bit in its stalk is [a] significant [indication that if it does not soon receive water it will be beyond recovery] 40a) [last line] NAHARA A'NAHARA - a) [when there is no grain in one city, but it is possible to easily transport large amounts of it from a neighboring city by ship] from one river to another; b) [if] one river['s source dries up and one needs to wait for] another [to overflow or divert another in order to water his fields] b) [last line] BETZORSA - it is [only] a drought
(b) When one grinds grain in a millstone, some of the flour is lost in the machinery. The same amount is lost whether a large amount or a small amount is ground at one time.
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