Mishnah 1
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1)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses the things that an animal may or may not carry out into the street. What is the basis for the prohibition?

(b)Which principle governs what is permitted and what is prohibited?

(c)The Tana permits a camel to go out with an Afsar, a Na'akah (a type of camel) with a Chotem, a Luvd'kis (a Ludian donkey) with a metal bit and a horse with a halter. What do all of these have in common?

(d)Why does the Tana designate the particular item to the animal that he does?

1)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses the things that an animal may or may not carry out into the street. The basis for the prohibition is - the La'av of Shevisas Behemto, which in turn, is based on the Pasuk in Yisro "Atah ... u'Vehemt'cha".

(b)The principle that governs what is permitted and what is prohibited is - whether it guards or protects the animal in one way or another or not.

(c)The Tana permits a camel to go out with an Afsar, a Na'akah (a dromedary) with a Chotem, a Luvd'kis (a Ludian donkey) with a metal bit and a horse with a halter - all of which are used to lead the animal.

(d)The Tana designates that particular item to the animal that he does - because in order to be permitted, it must on the one hand, guard the animal, but not more than necessary on the other.

2)

(a)What is a 'Chatam'?

(b)What is special about a 'Luvd'kis'?

(c)What does the Tana mean when he says 've'Chol Ba'alei Shir Yotz'in be'Shir'?

(d)What does 'Ba'alei Shir' include?

(e)What does the Mishnah say about leading them on a leash?

2)

(a)A 'Chatam' is - a metal nose-ring that is fitted into a hole that one pierces through the camel's nose.

(b)A 'Luvd'kis' - is exceptionally sturdy, and therefore requires a firmer hand to stop it from running away.

(c)When the Tana says 've'Chol Ba'alei Shir Yotz'in be'Shir', he means - that all animals that generally wear a halter may go out with it into the street.

(d)'Ba'alei Shir' include - hunting dogs and small Chayos.

(e)The Mishnah also - permits leading them on a leash.

3)

(a)And what does the Tana mean when he finally rules ...

1. ... 'Mazin Aleihen'?

2. ... 'Tovlin bi'Mekoman'?

(b)How do we reconcile this with the Halachah that declares all vessels that pertain specifically to animals not subject to Tum'ah?

3)

(a)When the Tana finally rules ...

1. ... 'Mazin Aleihen', he means - that should they become Tamei Meis, the Kohen may sprinkle the ashes of the Parah Adumah on to them whilst they are attached to the animal.

2. ... 'Tovlin bi'Mekoman', he means - that one may likewise Tovel them together with the animal, whilst they are still attached to it.

(b)In spite of the Halachah that declares all vessels that pertain specifically to animals not subject to Tum'ah, these vessels are - because it is a person who uses them to lead the animal.

Mishnah 2
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4)

(a)On what grounds does the Mishnah permit a donkey to go out with a Merda'as (a small cushion)? What purpose does the Merda'as serve?

(b)On what condition does the Tana permit it?

(c)Why must the Merda'as be tied before Shabbos? Why can this not be done on Shabbos itself?

(d)What if one did tie it on Shabbos?

4)

(a)The Mishnah permits a donkey to go out with a Merda'as (a small cushion) - in order to keep it warm (as Chazal have said 'A donkey feels cold even in the middle of summer').

(b)The Tana only permits it however - if it is tied to the before Shabbos.

(c)It is forbidden on Shabbos itself - because it is impossible to tie it without leaning against the animal, something that the Chachamim forbade.

(d)If one did tie it on Shabbos - one may not use it.

5)

(a)The Tana permits rams to go out Levuvin, and ewes, Shechuzos, Kevulos or Kevunos. Bearing in mind that Kevulos by a ewe has the same effect as Levuvin by a ram, what is the meaning of ...

1. ... 'Levuvin'?

2. ... 'Kevulos'?

(b)What does 'Shechuzos' then mean?

(c)And what is the definition of 'Kevunos'? Which part of the sheep is protected if they are Kevunos'?

5)

(a)The Tana permits rams to go out Levuvin and ewes, Shechuzos, Kevulos or Kevunos. Bearing in mind that Kevulos by a ewe has the same effect as Levuvin by a ram ...

1. ... 'Levuvin' - means with a piece of leather covering its male organ and ...

2. ... ' Kevulos' - means with their fat-tail tied to its legs, both to prevent the male from having relations with the female.

(b)'Shechuzos' then means (exactly the opposite) - with the fat-tail held and tied in an upward position, so that the male should be able to have relations with it.

(c)'Kevunos' - means that on the day that a sheep is born, one ties a cloth on the sheep's back to protect its wool from becoming dirty.

6)

(a)The Tana also permits goats to go out 'Tzeruros' (with their udders tied). For which two reasons does one do that?

(b)What technical difference is there between the two reasons?

(c)Which is the only case in the above list that Rebbi Yossi permits?

(d)Why is that?

6)

(a)The Tana also permits goats to go out 'Tzeruros' (with their udders tied) - which one does sometimes to dry the milk and sometimes to prevent the milk from dripping to the ground and getting lost.

(b)The former requires a tighter fit than the latter.

(c)The only case in the above list that Rebbi Yossi permits is - for sheep to go out 'Kevunos' ...

(d)... because, as we explained, it is in order to keep their wool clean, rendering the cloth a Tachshit (an ornament).

7)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah agrees with the Tana Kama in principle with regard to the concession of 'Tzeruros'? In which case does he hold that it is forbidden?

(b)What is the reason for the latter ruling?

(c)Like whom is the Halachah?

7)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah agrees with the Tana Kama in principle with regard to the concession of 'Tzeruros'. He forbids it however - there where its purpose is to catch the dripping milk ...

(b)... because, since it is only tied on loosely, it is likely to fall off, and one will come to pick it up and carry it four Amos in the street.

(c)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

Mishnah 3
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8)

(a)The first thing on the list of things that an animal may not go out with on Shabbos is a camel with a Metuteles. What is a 'Metuteles'?

(b)Neither may it go Akud or Ragul. If 'Akud' means with its forelegs tied to its hind-legs, what does 'Ragul' mean?

(c)What purpose do they serve?

(d)How about Akud ve'Ragul by other animals?

8)

(a)The first thing on the list of things that an animal may not go out with on Shabbos is a camel with a Metuteles - (a piece of cloth tied to its tail, as a sign of ownership or for some other reason).

(b)Neither may it go Akud (with its forelegs tied to its hind-legs) or Ragul - (with its leg bent double at the knee and tied ...

(c)... to prevent it from running away.

(d)The prohibition of Akud ve'Ragul - applies to other animals too.

9)

(a)On what grounds does the Mishnah forbid leading a camel-train on Shabbos?

(b)What must one then do if one needs to lead a number of camels through the street?

(c)Why does the Tana forbid wrapping the leads around one's hands and tying the ends together (See Tos. Yom-Tov)?

(d)What else must take care not to do when leading a camel (or any other animal) through the street in this way?

9)

(a)The Mishnah forbids leading a camel-train on Shabbos - because it looks as if one is leading them to market, to sell them.

(b)If one needs to lead a number of camels through the street - one should hold all the ends of the ropes in his hand and lead them that way.

(c)The Tana forbids wrapping the leads around one's hands and tying the ends together (See Tos. Yom-Tov) - because assuming that some of the ropes are made of wool and others, of linen, this entails warming oneself with Sha'atnez (see also Tif'eres Yisrael).

(d)What must take care when leading a camel (or any other animal) through the street in this way - not to allow the end of the lead to stick out a Tefach or more from one's hand.

Mishnah 4
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10)

(a)A donkey may not go out into the street with a saddle-cloth that was not tied before Shabbos (as we already learned) or with a bell tied round its neck. What if it is stuffed with cloths to prevent the striker from working?

(b)Then why is forbidden?

(c)Neither may one allow it to go out with a 'ladder' fixed to its neck or with a strap on its foot. What exactly is the ladder on its neck?

(d)What is the purpose of ...

1. ... the ladder?

2. ... the strap on its leg?

10)

(a)A donkey may not go out into the street with a saddle-cloth that was not tied before Shabbos (as we already learned) or with a bell tied round its neck - even if it is stuffed with cloths to prevent the striker from working ...

(b)... because it looks as if one is leading it to market, to sell it.

(c)Neither may one allow it to go out with a 'ladder' - (pieces of wood made into the shape of a ladder) fixed to its neck or with a strap on its foot.

(d)The purpose of ...

1. ... the ladder is - to prevent the donkey from turning its head and rubbing the wound on its neck.

2. ... the strap on its leg is - to likewise prevent it from rubbing its two legs together when it walks and creating a sore.

11)

(a)The Mishnah also forbids a chicken to go out with a piece of string tied to it or with its legs tied together with a strap. What is the purpose of ...

1. ... the string?

2. ... the strap?

(b)Finally the Tana forbids rams to go out with a small cart underneath their tails; sheep, Chanunos; a calf with a Gimon, and a cow either with a porcupine skin or with a strap between its horns. What is ...

1. ... the purpose of the cart?

2. ... the definition of 'Chanunos'?

3. ... the definition of a 'Gimon'?

4. ... the purpose of the strap?

(c)What does the Tana say about Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah's cow?

(d)What actually happened?

(e)Then why does the Mishnah attribute the sin to Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah?

11)

(a)The Mishnah also forbids a chicken to go out with a piece of string tied to it or with its legs tied together with a strap. The purpose of ...

1. ... the string is - for the owner to identify it.

2. ... the strap is - to prevent it from hopping on to vessels and breaking them.

(b)Finally the Tana forbids rams to go out with a small cart underneath their tails; sheep, Chanunos; a calf with a Gimon, and a cow either with a porcupine skin or with a strap between its horns. The ...

1. ... purpose of the cart is - to prevent the animal's tail from dragging on the ground and hurting itself on stones and rocks

2. ... definition of 'Chanunos' is - a splinter of wood from a tree known in Arabic as 'Chanun', which one places inside the animal's nostrils, causing it to sneeze, thereby ridding itself of the worms that have gathered there.

3. ... definition of a 'Gimon' is - a rubber yoke that one ties to a young calf's neck, to get it used to bending its head to the yoke when it grows older.

4. ... purpose of the strap is - for the owner to identify it (like the piece of string tied to the chicken.

(c)The Tana testifies that Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah's cow - went out with a strap tied between its horns, against the wishes of the Chachamim.

(d)What actually happened was - it was the woman who lived next door who allowed her cow to do that ...

(e)... and the reason that the Mishnah attributes the sin to Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah is - because anyone who is able to rebuke and fails to do so will find that sin is attributed to him.

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