REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
Sometimes a man must do Chalitzah with his mother because of a Safek. (1)
Sometimes a man must do Chalitzah with his sister because of a Safek. (2)
Sometimes a man must do Chalitzah with his daughter because of a Safek. (3)
Rebbi Meir: A child born from a Nochri father and a Jewish mother is a Mamzer.
Rebbi Meir: Movable objects, such as servants, are security for the Kesuvah.
A woman mixes up her son with the son of her daughter-in-law. If the two boys die without children, the grandsons do Chalitzah but not Yibum, and the sons may do Yibum. (4)
If the wife of a Kohen mixes up her son with the son of her maidservant, they both may eat Terumah. (5)
Once the Safek-servant/ Safek-Kohen free each other, they may not eat Terumah, but if they do, they do not have to pay the principle plus a Chomesh to the Kohen.
Rebbi Yehudah: Terumah is not distributed to a servant unless he is accompanied by his master. Rebbi Yosi: He does not have to be accompanied by his master in order to receive Terumah. (6)
Hashem does not allow anything improper to occur as a result of a Tzadik's actions, or even as a result of his animal.
A BIT MORE
1. The Safek is in a case in which two women each gave birth to a son, and subsequently they both gave birth to another son in hiding, and it was not clear which son was born to which woman. Afterwards, the definite son of each woman marries the other's mother. Subsequently, the two sons who married the two mothers die without children. Each of the two Safek sons must do Chalitzah with both women, since we do not know which one is his mother.
2. Reuven's mother remarries and she gives birth in hiding together with another woman, and the two women give birth to two girls, and it was not clear which girl was born to which woman. Subsequently, Reuven's two brothers from his father but not from his mother marry the two girls who were born in hiding, and they both die without children. Reuven must do Chalitzah with both women, since we do not know which one is his sister.
3. Reuven's wife gives birth in hiding together with another woman, and the two women give birth to two girls, and it is not clear which girl was born to which woman. Subsequently, two brothers of Reuven marry the two girls who were born in hiding, and they both die without children. Reuven must do Chalitzah with both women, since we do not know which one is his daughter.
4. The sons may do Yibum, because of the doubt whether the Yevamah is a sister-in-law or a niece. The grandsons may not do Yibum, because of the doubt whether the Yevamah is a sister-in-law or an aunt. If the definite son of the mother and daughter-in-law dies without children, the sons who are a Safek do Chalitzah but not Yibum with the definite son of the mother, but one of them may do Yibum with the son of the daughter-in-law after the other one does Chalitzah with her.
5. A servant of a Kohen may eat Terumah. However, they receive only one portion of Terumah when they go to the granary together. They may not become Tamei to a Mes, and they are not allowed to get married. When they get older, they may free each other, and then they may marry a woman who is permitted to a Kohen. They may not become Tamei to a Mes, but if they do they do not get Malkus.
6. In the place of residence of Rebbi Yehudah, they would treat anyone who received Terumah at the granary as a full-fledged Jew with respect to marriage. Therefore, they did not distribute Terumah to servants.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
COLLECTING A KESUVAH FROM MOVABLE OBJECTS
The Gemara says that according to Rebbi Meir, movable objects such as servants are security for the Kesuvah. Therefore, even if a servant is sold, the Kesuvah may be collected from it. How can the Kesuvah be collected from movable objects that were sold? Once property is sold it cannot be collected by a creditor unless it is land, or an "Apotiki" (it was specified as the object for the repayment). The Gemara cannot be referring to a case in which the servant was an Apotiki, because if that was the case, then even the Rabanan would agree that she can collect her Kesuvah from it, but the Gemara says that only Rebbi Meir rules that she can collect the servant for her Kesuvah. The answer is that the servant was not sold, but rather he was given as a Matnas Shechiv me'Ra (gifted by the owner as he was dying), which has the status of an inheritance. Consequently, she may collect her Kesuvah from it, according to Rebbi Meir. (Ritva)
QUICK HALACHAH
DISTRIBUTION OF TERUMAH
Terumah is not distributed at the granary to the following ten people, although they are permitted either to eat Terumah or to give it out: A deaf mute, an insane person, and a Katan, because they do not have Da'as; a Tumtum and Androginus, because they are distinct species; a servant, because of the concern that people might think he is a Kohen; an uncircumcised man and a Tamei person, because they are repulsive; a woman, because the Kohen might divorce her or because of the problem of Yichud; a Kohen who marries a woman prohibited to him, because we penalize him until he divorces her. (Rambam, Hilchos Terumah 12:22)
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