REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
Shmuel: A widow may keep her Metzi'ah.
The Metzi'ah of a wife is given to her husband. (1)
A widow must do all of the Melachos for the orphans that a wife is obligated to do for her husband, except for three Melachos. (2)
A student must do for his Rebbi all of the Melachos that a servant does for his master, except for untying his shoes. (3)
In a place where people know the student, or when the student is wearing Tefillin, the student must untie his Rebbi's shoes as well. (4)
A Rebbi who stops his student from serving him is considered as though he prevents him from doing Chesed.
Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak: A Rebbi who stops his student from serving him removes from him the fear of Heaven.
A widow who seizes Metaltelin from the orphans for her Mezonos may keep it. (5)
The Amora'im disagree about whether a widow who seizes Metaltelin from the orphans for her Kesuvah may keep it.
If a widow makes no claim on the orphans for Mezonos for a period of two or three years, she loses her Mezonos. (6)
A widow who makes no claim for three years loses only the Mezonos of the past years but not those of the future years.
The orphans claim they gave the Mezonos and the widow denies it. The widow is believed if she has not yet remarried. (7)
Rebbi Yehudah: When a widow sells property for the collection of her Mezonos and her Kesuvah, she must specify whether she is selling it for Mezonos or for her Kesuvah.
Rebbi Yosi: There is no need for the widow to specify whether she is selling the property for Mezonos or for her Kesuvah.
A woman may sell the land of the orphans for her Mezonos without Beis Din, and she should write that she sold it for her Mezonos.
When a Shechiv Mera says that 200 Zuz should be given to his creditor, the creditor may take it either for his Chov or as a gift.
A BIT MORE
1. This is so that the husband will not resent the fact that he is supporting her and yet she is keeping her Metzi'ah.
2. The three Melachos are pouring drinks, making the beds, and washing hands and feet.
3. Untying shoes is an exception, because an onlooker might think that he is a servant.
4. In that case, the onlooker will not think that he is a servant, because a servant does not wear Tefilin.
5. Only the Karka of the orphans is Meshubad for the Kesuvah and the Mezonos, not their Metaltelin.
6. A poor widow loses her right to the Mezonos after two years, and a rich widow loses her right after three years. Alternatively, a widow who is a Perutzah loses it after two years and a Tzenu'ah loses it after three years.
7. If the widow remarried, then the orphans are believed because once she remarries, the property is no longer her possession.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
WEARING TEFILLIN
A student must perform for his Rebbi all of the Melachos that a servant performs for his master, except for untying shoes. If the student is wearing Tefilin, the student must untie his Rebbi's shoes as well. The Ritva says that this applies only if the student wears his Tefilin all of the time; if he wears them only on occasion, it is not proof that he is not a servant, since a servant also may wear Tefillin on occasion.
QUICK HALACHAH
SERVING A REBBI
A student must perform for his Rebbi all of the Melachos that a servant performs for his master. If he is in a place where people do not recognize him and he is not wearing Tefillin, the student does not have to put on and take off the shoes of his Rebbi. A Rebbi who stops his student from serving him is withholding him from doing Chesed and removes from him the fear of Heaven. Any student who makes light of anything that is an honor for his Rebbi causes the Divine Presence to be removed from Yisrael. (Shulchan Aruch YD 242:19-20)
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Index to Revach for Maseches Kesuvos
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