REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. The Gemara discusses the requirement to add to the beginning and end of the Shemitah year.
2. There is a similar Mitzvah to add time to the beginning and end of Yom Kippur, Shabbos, and Yom Tov.
3. Chiya bar Rav says that it is a Mitzvah to eat on the day before Yom Kippur.
4. There is a dispute about whether the Yovel year is in effect when the Shofar is not sounded by the Beis Din.
5. The Rabanan say that there are three main conditions for Yovel to take effect.
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A BIT MORE
1. According to Rebbi Akiva, this is derived from the extra verse, "In (i.e. regarding) plowing and harvesting you shall rest."
2. This is derived from the verse regarding Yom Kippur that commands us to fast "on the ninth [of Tishrei, towards] evening... from evening until evening" (similar to the first evening, which added from the previous day).
3. The Gemara says that one who eats on the ninth of Tishrei is considered as if he fasted on the ninth and tenth of Tishrei (if he did actually fast on the tenth).
4. Rebbi Yehudah derives from the verse, "It is Yovel," that Yovel is in effect even if the Torah's commandments regarding Yovel are not kept. Rebbi Yosi says that if Beis Din does not sound the Shofar, the laws of Yovel do not take effect.
5. Not only must Beis Din sound the Shofar, but people must free their slaves and give back land from Eretz Yisrael to its original inheritor (who inherited it from his ancestor who received it upon Bnei Yisrael's entry into Eretz Yisrael) in order for Yovel to be in effect.
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