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CHULIN 65

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SUMMARY 1. Raban Gamliel maintains that any bird which claws and eats is definitely a non-Kosher bird.   2. If a bird does not claw and eat, has an extra toe and a crop, and its gizzard can be peeled away, it is Kosher.   3. Rebbi Eliezer bar Tzadok maintains that if a rope is placed in front of a bird and it walks with two of its toes on one side of the rope and two on the other, it is a non-Kosher bird. If it walks the rope with three toes on one side and one on the other side, it is a Kosher bird.   4. Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar maintains that a bird that catches its food in midflight and eats it is a non-Kosher bird.   5. Acherim maintains that if a bird resides with Kosher birds, it is Kosher. If it resides with non-Kosher birds, it is not Kosher.   6. A grasshopper that has four legs, four wings, and two jumping legs is Kosher if the wings cover the majority of its body.   7. According to Rav Yehudah in the name of Rav, the wings of a Kosher grasshopper must cover the majority of its length. According to another version, the wings must cover the majority of its circumference.   8. A grasshopper that does not have jumping legs but will eventually develop them is Kosher.   9. According to Rebbi Yishmael, a grasshopper is Kosher whether it has a bald head, a tail, or its head is elongated, as long as it has four legs, wings, two jumping legs, and the wings cover its majority.   10. A cricket is not Kosher, even though it has four legs and wings, two jumping legs, and the wings cover its majority.

A BIT MORE 1. If the bird eats by placing its claws on its food while it eats, or it uses its claws to bring the food to its mouth instead of eating directly off the ground, it is considered a bird which claws and eats.   2. A bird which has all four of these Simanei Taharah is Kosher even if the bird cannot be identified.   3. If it divides its toes, two on one side of the rope and two on the other, it is certainly a bird which claws and eats, which is a sign of a non-Kosher bird.   4. A bird that catches food that is thrown to it in midflight and does not place it on the ground before eating it is definitely a non-Kosher bird, according to Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar.   5. Only Rebbi Eliezer judges a bird by the company it keeps. Rebbi Eliezer maintains that the Zarzir is deemed a non-Kosher bird by virtue of the fact that it resides with the Orev. However, even the Rabanan agree that when it also resembles a Kosher bird it is deemed to be Kosher by virtue of the fact that it resides among Kosher birds, or vice versa.   6. Rebbi Yosi maintains that it also must have the name "Chagav" in order to be Kosher.   7. Rav Papa maintains that in light of these two opinions, the wings of a Kosher grasshopper must cover the majority of both its length and its circumference.   8. A certain type of grasshopper, such as the Zachal, develops jumping legs only when it matures, but it is Kosher even before the jumping legs develop.   9. According to Rebbi Yishmael, although none of the grasshoppers mentioned in the Torah have elongated heads, nevertheless it is learned that even a grasshopper with an elongated head is Kosher.   10. Since it is not called "Chagav," it is not Kosher even though it has all of the other Simanim of a Kosher grasshopper.

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