REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. A Ba'al Ov and a Yid'oni are punished with Sekilah. A person who requests from either of them to perform their sorcery transgresses a Lo Sa'aseh.
2. There is a dispute regarding whether a person who sinned b'Shogeg is Chayav to bring two Korbanos if he transgressed both Ov and Yid'oni at the same time, without realizing in between that he sinned.
3. There is a dispute between Rebbi Yochanan and Reish Lakish regarding whether Rebbi Akiva maintains that a person who commits the act of Yid'oni b'Shogeg is required to bring a Chatas.
4. There is a dispute regarding whether the Rabanan maintain that a person who bows to an Avodah Zarah is Chayav a Korban.
5. Rava explains that according to Reish Lakish, the Rabanan maintain that a Ba'al Ov is reqired to bring a Korban only when he burns incense in order to gather Shedim.
6. It is forbidden to use sorcery to bring together a wasp and a scorpion, even if one does so in order to prevent them from stinging.
7. There is a dispute regarding whether a person incurs a Chiyuv Malkus if he uses his voice to muzzle an animal or to lead animals of Kilayim.
8. Edim Zomemim do not incur a Chiyuv Korban because their transgression does not involve an action.
9. A Ba'al Ov is not answered on Shabbos.
10. A Doresh El ha'Mesim is a person who starves himself and sleeps in the cemetery in order to attain a Ru'ach Tum'ah.
11. A Menachesh is a person who is superstitious.
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A BIT MORE
1. A Ba'al Ov is a person who conjures up a Mes and causes the Mes to speak from beneath his arm. A Yid'oni is a person who takes a bone from a wild animal called a Yadu'a and places it in his mouth, causing it to speak.
2. Rebbi Yochanan maintains that since both transgressions are derived from a single Lav in the Torah, a person who commits both Aveiros in one He'elem is Chayav only one Korban. Reish Lakish maintains that since the Torah separates them when it describes the Chiyuv Sekilah, a person who commits both Aveiros in one He'elem is Chayav to bring two Korbanos Chatas.
3. The Rabanan maintain that a Megadef b'Shogeg is not Chayav to bring a Korban, whereas Rebbi Akiva maintains that a Megadef is Chayav to bring a Korban. Rebbi Yochanan maintains that according to Rebbi Akiva, a Chiyuv Korban can be incurred even for a transgression that is done without a Ma'aseh; therefore, the act of Yid'oni, which also lacks a Ma'aseh, can cause a person to be required to bring a Korban. Reish Lakish, however, understands that even Rebbi Akiva maintains that a transgression without a Ma'aseh does not engender a Chiyuv Korban; Rebbi Akiva merely requires a lesser Ma'aseh than the Rabanan require. Thus, Rebbi Akiva maintains that a Megadef is Chayav a Korban because the movement of his lips is considered a Ma'aseh. The act of Yid'oni, however, does not entail a Ma'aseh at all; consequently, Reish Lakish maintains that even according to Rebbi Akiva, there is no Chiyuv Korban for a Yid'oni.
4. According to the Rabanan, a person can incur a Chiyuv Korban only if he commits a transgression that entails a Ma'aseh. Rebbi Yochanan maintains that the Rabanan consider it a Ma'aseh when a person bends his body to bow down. Reish Lakish disgrees and maintain that bending down is not considered a Ma'aseh, and therefore a person who bows b'Shogeg to an Avodah Zarah is Patur from a Korban.
5. Reish Lakish maintains that the Rabanan require a Korban to be brought only when a person commits a transgression involving a major Ma'aseh, and although a Ba'al Ov has to move his arms in order to perform his sorcery, that is not considered enough of a Ma'aseh to generate a Chiyuv Korban. Consequently, the only act of Ov that generates a Chiyuv Korban is the burning of incense in order to gather Shedim. Even though gathering Shedim should fall under the Lav of Chover Chever (gathering living creatures through sorcery), which does not warrant a Chiyuv Korban, Rava explains that Chover Chever is considered a regular Lav only when the sorcery is used to gather animals. When a person uses sorcery to gather Shedim, however, the Torah imposes a Chiyuv Sekilah if he commits the act b'Mezid and a Chiyuv Korban if he does it b'Shogeg.
6. Bringing a wasp and a scorpion together is considered Chover Chever since the prohibition of Chover Chever applies even to small animals. In a case of Piku'ach Nefesh, however, it is permitted.
7. Only a Lav that entails an action is punishable by Malkus. Rebbi Yochanan maintains that speaking is considered an action, and a person who uses his voice to prevent an animal from eating or to lead animals of Kilayim is Chayav Malkus. Reish Lakish maintains that using one's voice is not considered an action, and therefore he is Patur.
8. Even according to Rebbi Yochanan, who considers speaking to be an action, giving false testimony is not considered an action. The principal Aveirah of Edim Zomemim lies in the fact that they claim to have seen something that they did not see, and seeing something is not considered an action.
9. The wicked Turnusrufus asked Rebbi Akiva, "How do you know which day is Shabbos?" Rebbi Akiva answered. "The river Sambatyon doesn't flow on Shabbos, an Ov doesn't respond on Shabbos, and smoke doesn't come out of your father's grave on Shabbos."
10. Rebbi Akiva cried and said, "If a person who wants to attain a Ru'ach Tum'ah can do so by fasting, a person who wants to attain a Ru'ach Taharah certainly should be capable of attaining it, but because of our sins it has become impossible to do so.
11. It is forbidden for a person to be superstitious, for example, to consider it a bad omen when bread falls from his mouth, when a stick falls from his hand, when a deer cuts in front of him, when a snake passes him on the right or when a fox passes him on the left.
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