REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. According to Rav Nachman, one who recognizes the Peres and Ozniyah that are mentioned in the Torah, and he also recognizes every other bird that is called a Peres or Ozniyah, may eat a bird with one Siman Taharah.
2. According to Ameimar, even if one does not recognize the Peres and Ozniyah that are mentioned in the Torah, he may eat a bird with one Siman Taharah if it does not claw and eat.
3. One who recognizes the Orev, and all birds of that species, may eat a bird with two Simanei Taharah.
4. Rebbi Eliezer and the Rabanan disagree about whether the Zarzir and the white Senunis are of the species of an Orev, rendering it a non-Kosher bird.
5. According to Ameimar, Rebbi Eliezer and the Rabanan disagree about the Senunis with a yellow belly. Everyone agrees that the Senunis with the while belly is Kosher. Mar Zutra disagrees.
6. The Tasil is considered a Ben Yonah, while the Atzifi and Tor Rachbah are considered a Tor. They are Kosher and may be brought as a Korban.
7. If any bird drinks from the Mei Chatas (the water of purification mixed with the ashes of the Parah Adumah), the Mei Chatas is Pasul, with the exception of a Ben Yonah.
8. When the Torah requires one to use an Ezov, a plain Ezov must be used, not one that has an accompanying name such as a Greek Ezov, a blue Ezov, or a Roman Ezov.
9. The grasshoppers found among the rushes are Kosher, while those found in cabbage patches are not Kosher.
10. There are eight birds which have all four Simanei Taharah, but there is a Safek about whether they are Kosher, because one of their Simanim is that the gizzard can be peeled only with a knife.
11. Rav Papa maintains that the swamp hen is Kosher. However, according to Ameimar, the Chachamim subsequently prohibited it because they noticed that it claws and eats.
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A BIT MORE
1. The Peres and Ozniyah have only one Siman Taharah, and they are listed in the Torah among the non-Kosher birds. Every other bird with one Siman Taharah is Kosher. Therefore, if a bird has one Siman Taharah and we are certain that it is neither a Peres nor an Ozniyah, it is Kosher.
2. Since the Peres and Ozniyah are not usually found in settled areas, even if one does not recognize them he need not assume that the bird he finds is a he Peres or Ozniyah unless it claws and eats, according to Ameimar.
3. The Orev has two Simanei Taharah and is listed in the Torah among the non-Kosher birds. Every other bird with two Simanei Taharah is Kosher. However, any bird that is the same species as the Orev is included in the prohibition of the Orev. Therefore, if a bird has two Simanei Taharah and one is certain that it is not an Orev or a bird of that species, it is a Kosher bird.
4. The Zarzir and Senunis have two Simanei Taharah like an Orev, but not the same two Simanim. According to Rebbi Eliezer, since the Zarzir and Senunis reside in the proximity of the Orev, they are regarded as the same species. The Rabanan disagree.
5. According to Mar Zutra, the Senunis with a yellow belly is forbidden even according to the Rabanan. The disagreement between Rebbi Eliezer and the Rabanan involves the Senunis with a while belly.
6. The Tasil may be brought as a Korban only when it is young, like a Ben Yonah. The Atzifi and Tor Rachbah may be brought only when they are mature, like a Tor.
7. Since most birds lap up water while they drink, some of the water dribbles back into the Mei Chatas. Since a Melachah has been done with that water, it invalidates the Mei Chatas. However, a Ben Yonah sucks up the water that it drinks, and none of the water dribbles back into the Mei Chatas.
8. However, a Tor Rachbah may be brought as a Korban even though it has the accompanying name "Tzutzaini," because at the time the Torah was given it was called merely "Tor," according to Abaye. Rava maintains that since in Tzutzaini it is called merely a Tor without an accompanying name, the term "Tzutzaini" is not considered to be an accompanying name.
9. The grasshoppers found among the cabbage patches are not Kosher without a doubt. Therefore, one who eats them is punished with Malkus for transgressing the prohibition against eating a Sheretz ha'Of.
10. If a bird has all four Simanei Taharah, there is no question that it is Tahor. However, since the gizzard of these eight birds can be peeled only with a knife, they lack one of the Simanei Taharah.
11. At first, the Chachamim were unaware that it claws and eats. When they noticed that it does so, they prohibited it. Therefore, a bird may never be eaten unless there is a tradition that it is permitted, because even if it seems that the bird has all four Simanei Taharah it is possible that it will be discovered later that the bird claws and eats and is forbidden.
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