REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. According to Rav, if cat claws a kid or a lamb, or a weasel claws a bird, it renders it a Tereifah.
2. If a small bird was clawed by a hawk, or a large bird was clawed by a falcon, it is rendered a Tereifah.
3. All winged predators render a bird a Tereifah by clawing, but only when they claw a bird smaller than themselves, or at least no larger than themselves. The exception to this is a hawk or a falcon, which render a bird a Tereifah by clawing even when the victim is not smaller than itself.
4. A dog that claws an animal does not render it a Tereifah, but a fox that claws an animal renders it a Tereifah, according to the second version of Rav Kahana.
5. A predator that claws an animal inadvertently does not render it a Tereifah. Similarly, if the paw of the clawing predator was severed before it extracted its claws from the victim, it does not render the victim a Tereifah.
6. If a lion enters a group of oxen and a lion claw is found imbedded in the back of one ox, it is not considered a Tereifah, according to Rav.
7. If a claw mark was found on the back of an ox without the presence of a claw, or if the claw was present but it was dry (without any blood), or if two or three claws were found in the order of the lion's paws, the ox is a Tereifah even according to Rav.
8. If there is a doubt about whether a predator entered a group of animals, or whether a lamb was clawed by a dog or a cat, or if the predator was silent or both the predator and the animal were screaming, we are not concerned that the predator clawed one of the animals.
9. If a lion entered a group of animals and was quiet while the animals were screaming, according to Shmuel we must be concerned for the possibility that one of the animals was clawed. Rav disagrees.
10. If there is concern that an animal was clawed, the entire insides of the animal must be checked for reddening, including the trachea and esophagus, according to Rav.
11. If the flesh of an animal is decayed, it is regarded as though it was completely removed.
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A BIT MORE
1. However, if a weasel claws a kid or a lamb, it is not a Tereifah. An animal that is larger than a kid or a lamb is not rendered a Tereifah unless it is clawed by a wolf or a larger predator.
2. A pigeon or a dove is regarded as a small bird. Geese and roosters are regarded as large birds.
3. According to the first version of the Gemara, predators -- with the exception of a hawk or falcon -- only render a bird smaller than themselves a Tereifah, while a hawk or a falcon render even a bird as large as itself a Tereifah. According to the second version of the Gemara, predators -- with the exception of a hawk or falcon, only render a bird as large as itself a Tereifah, while a hawk or falcon can render even a bird larger than itself a Tereifah.
4. Even a wolf or a lion which claws an animal renders it a Tereifah only if it claws with its forelegs, but not if it claws with its hind legs or its teeth.
5. A predator releases poison from its claws only upon removing its claws from the victim. Thus, if the paw is severed before the predator extracts it from the victim, the victim is not rendered a Tereifah.
6. It is a doubt whether the lion clawed it or whether the ox rubbed its back against a wall and a claw which was stuck in the wall become embedded in the back of the ox. Rav maintains that when there is a Safek if an animal was clawed, it is not a Tereifah.
7. It is unusual for a lion to leave its claw in the back of an ox, but if it left a claw mark in its back without the claw, or if the claw was dry and more likely to come loose, or if there are a few claws in its back making it evident that the ox was clawed by the lion, the ox is a Tereifah.
8. If a goose emerged from among reeds with its neck stained with blood, we may assume that it was cut by the reeds and not clawed by a predator.
9. Shmuel prohibits an animal when there is a doubt about whether it was clawed, and he assumes in this case that the animals were screaming because they were clawed, and therefore they must be examined externally for any indication of poison that was injected by the predator. Rav permits an animal when there is a doubt about whether it was clawed, and we assume that they were screaming out of fright and not because they were clawed.
10. The innards must be inspected for reddening, which would indicate that the predator injected poison into the animal.
11. If the removal of the flesh would render the animal a Tereifah, the decay of that flesh also renders it a Tereifah. Hence, if the flesh of the juncture of the joints was decayed, or if the lung was decayed, the animal is a Tereifah.
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