REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
The Rabanan in Usha decreed that a person should not give more than one fifth of his income to Tzedakah. (1)
The Rabanan in Usha decreed that a person should be easy on his son until the age of 12; after that age, he should work his son hard.
A six-year-old is ready to be taught Mikra. A ten-year-old is ready to be taught Mishnah.
A child under than the age of six who is brought to learn Torah will be a prodigy. However, it is a danger to his health.
The Rabanan in Usha decreed that if a woman sold her Nichsei Melug and subsequently died, the husband may appropriate the property from the buyers. (2)
One who feeds his young children, or one who raises an orphan in his home, is regarded as though he is doing Tzedakah every second. (3)
One who teaches Torah to his students, or lends out his Sefarim, loses nothing, and yet his Tzedakah is everlasting.
Rav Hamnuna: Daughters are supported from their father's property after his death only if he left land.
Shmuel: A daughter receives a dowry from the inheritance in accordance with the generosity of the deceased father. (4)
The Rabanan decreed that a daughter is supported from the movable objects that the orphans inherited.
A creditor of the father collects from the orphans only if they inherited land.
A BIT MORE
1. The Rabanan were concerned that he may become impoverished if he gives more than a fifth, and thus be forced to take Tzedakah himself.
2. The Rabanan gave the husband the status of a buyer of the wife's Nichsei Melug, and he has precedence over any other buyers.
3. Since a person is not obligated to support his children, it is regarded as Tzedakah.
4. Since we give the dowry in accordance with the generosity of the father, she collects her dowry both from land and from movable objects.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
TEACHING TORAH
Rav Huna and Rav Chisda say that one who teaches Torah loses nothing, and yet his Tzedakah is everlasting. The Maharsha says that teaching Torah is analogous to giving Tzedakah; just as one who gives Tzedakah loses nothing as a result, and, moreover, his wealth will increase as a consequence of giving Tzedakah, one who teaches Torah will not lose Torah knowledge, but instead his Torah knowledge will increase, as our Sages teach that a Rebbi learns more from his students than he does from his teachers.
QUICK HALACHAH
THE MITZVAH OF TZEDAKAH
A person should give Tzedakah in accordance with the needs of the poor, if he can afford to do is. If he cannot afford to provide all of the needs of the poor, it is a Mitzvah Min ha'Muvchar to give a fifth of one's income to Tzedakah. To give one tenth is average, and one who gives less than one tenth has a stingy eye. A person should give one fifth of the principal for Tzedakah and subsequently he should separate annually one fifth of the profit that he made from that money. A person should not give more than a fifth so that he not become needy himself. However, when a person is about to die, he may give as much Tzedakah as he wants. (Shulchan Aruch YD 249:1)
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