REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. Shmuel maintains that if the majority of the spinal cord of an animal is severed above the first section where it branches off, the animal is a Tereifah. If it severed after the second section, the animal is a Safek Tereifah.
2. The Gemara asks whether the Safek of Shmuel also includes the first section after it branches off.
3. If the majority of the spinal cord of a bird is severed until below the wings, the bird is a Tereifah, according to Rebbi Yochanan. Reish Lakish disagrees.
4. If an animal is missing most of its liver but a small part remains, according to Rebbi Chiya it is not a Tereifah. According to Rebbi Shimon bar Rebbi, there must be a least a piece of the liver the size of an olive remaining in order for the animal not to be a Tereifah.
5. Rabah maintains that if the outer membrane of the lung of an animal is peeled off so that the lung looks like a red date, the animal is not a Tereifah.
6. Rav Acha and Ravina disagree about whether the animal is a Tereifah when the inner membrane of the lung is punctured, but not the outer membrane.
7. Rava says that if a lung is partially reddened, the animal is Kosher, but if it is completely reddened, it is a Tereifah. Ravina disagrees.
8. If one bruises a Sheretz on Shabbos, he is not Chayav for the Melachah of causing a wound unless blood comes out, with the exception of the eight Sheratzim that have a skin.
9. If a lung is partially dried-out such that it breaks apart when pressed by a fingernail, the animal is a Tereifah.
10. If the ear of a Bechor is dried-out such that when it is punctured no blood comes out, it is a Mum, according to the Rabanan. Rebbi Yosi ben ha'Meshulam disagrees.
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A BIT MORE
1. If the spinal cord is severed after the third section, the animal is not a Tereifah.
2. If his Safek does not include the first section, there is a doubt about whether the animal is a Tereifah if the spinal cord was severed at the junction where it started to branch off. If his Safek includes the first section, there is a doubt about whether the animal is a Tereifah if the nerve branch broke off from the spinal cord, even if the spinal cord itself was not severed.
3. According to Reish Lakish, the bird is a Tereifah only if its spinal cord is severed until between the wings.
4. Rav Ada bar Ahavah says that the piece the size of an olive that is remaining, according to Rebbi Shimon bar Rebbi, must be where the gallbladder is attached to the liver. According to Rebbi Zeira, the piece the size of an olive must be where it is attached under the kidney,
5. The inner membrane is sufficient to protect the lung, and therefore the animal is not a Tereifah.
6. According to the opinion that it is not a Tereifah, if the lung emits a sound when inflated this indicates a puncture. However, one must examine it to determine whether it is only the inner membrane that is punctured or also the outer membrane. Therefore, he should place a feather, spit, or straw on the area from which the sound is emitted. If it moves, this shows that the animal is a Tereifah, because it is the air escaping through the puncture in the outer membrane which causes it to move.
7. According to Ravina, it will heal whether it is partially or completely reddened, and therefore it is not a Tereifah.
8. Most Sheratzim do not have a skin, and thus they bruise easily. A bruise is not the same as blood coming out. In the eight Sheratzim that have skin and do not bruise easily, a bruise is the same as causing blood to come out. Bruising it on Shabbos thus is considered a Melachah.
9. Since a lung of an animal is not exposed to the air, if it is not so dried-out and does not break apart when pressed by a fingernail, it will heal and the animal is not a Tereifah.
10. According to Rebbi Yosi ben ha'Meshulam, it is a Mum only if it is so dried-out that it breaks apart when pressed with a fingernail.
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