REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. A student who is sitting in front of the judge who thinks of a reason to find merit for a poor person or liability for a rich person is obligated to speak up.
2. A person may not go to the Beis Din together with a witness in order to give the impression that he is also a witness.
3. A person may not claim more money than he is owed so that the debtor will admit to part of the claim and will be Chayav a Shevu'ah.
4. If a person owes money and the lender claims more money than the amount of the debt, he may not deny the claim completely in Beis Din and admit to it outside of Beis Din.
5. If one litigant is dressed in fine clothing, while the other litigant is dressed in rags, the judges shall tell the better-dressed litigant to either dress in rags also or to provide the poor person with clothing comparable to his own.
6. A judge may not listen to the claims of one litigant prior to the arrival of the other litigant.
7. A king is not Chayav a Korban for Shevu'as ha'Edus. There is a disagreement whether a gambler is Chayav a Korban.
8. Rebbi Meir maintains that if a person swears a Shevu'as ha'Edus on his own, he is Chayav even if he swore outside of Beis Din. The Chachamim disagree.
9. Rebbi Meir maintains that if a Shevu'as ha'Pikadon is placed on a person by others, he is Chayav a Korban only if he swears in front of Beis Din. The Chachamim disagree.
10. A witness is Chayav a Korban Oleh v'Yored for Shevu'as ha'Edus if he swore falsely b'Mezid.
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A BIT MORE
1. If a student finds that the judge is mistaken, he may not wait until a wrong verdict is given and then show what the verdict should be in order to be given credit for the Din.
2. Even if he does not plan on testifying and he is going to the Beis Din only in order to frighten the defendant into admitting, it is forbidden.
3. Even if he wants him to swear because he is owed money from another debtm and if he is Chayav a Shevu'ah he can make him swear on the other debt with a Gilgul Shevu'ah, it is forbidden.
4. Even if he is denying the claim in order to circumvent the Chiyuv Shevu'ah in order to prevent a Gilgul Shevu'ah, it is forbidden.
5. A disparity in clothing may cause the judges to favor the better-dressed litigant or to stifle the claims of the poorer-dressed litigant.
6. Likewise, one litigant may not make his claim to the judges prior to the arrival of the other litigant.
7. A king is Pasul Min ha'Torah from testifying. Therefore, if he swears falsely that he does not know testimony, he is exempt from a Korban since his testimony would not be accepted by the Beis Din anyway. A gambler is Pasul only mid'Rabanan. Therefore, Rav Papa maintains that since his testimony is accepted Min ha'Torah, he is Chayav a Korban for Shevu'as ha'Edus.
8. According to the Chachamim, there is no Chiyuv Korban for swearing Shevu'as ha'Edus outside of Beis Din, even if the witness swore on his own.
9. Rebbi Meir maintains that since a Shevu'as ha'Pikadon that is placed on a person by others is derived from Shevu'as ha'Edus, it applies only in front of Beis Din just like a Shevu'as ha'Edus. The Chachamim maintain that although it is derived from Shevu'as ha'Edus, when a person makes a Shevu'as ha'Pikadon on his own it applies both when made inside or outside of Beis Din, and so, too, when a Shevu'ah is placed on him by others.
10. He is Chayav a Korban if he was completely Mezid, or if he was Mezid regarding the Shevu'ah. He was Shogeg regarding the Korban, as he did not know he was Chayav a Korban for swearing falsely.
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