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SUMMARY
1. Rebbi Yehudah says that if seven Shevatim act upon the erroneous ruling of Beis Din, each Shevet must bring a Par He'elem Davar Shel Tzibur.
2. If the Beis Din ruled erroneously and acted upon their own ruling, they are exempt from bringing a Par He'elem Davar.
3. Rav Papa maintains that if the Beis Din ruled erroneously, and the Beis Din together with a minority of the people acted upon that ruling, and together they are the majority, there is a disagreement about whether a Par is brought.
4. The majority of the people acted upon the erroneous ruling of Beis Din. According to Rebbi Shimon, the Beis Din and the people bring a Par. Rebbi Meir disagrees.
5. The Beis Din ruled erroneously. If the majority of the people in Eretz Yisrael acted upon the ruling, a Par He'elem Davar is brought.
6. The majority of the people acted upon the erroneous ruling of Beis Din. Subsequently some of them died, and they were no longer the majority. According to the Rabanan, a Par is brought. Rebbi Shimon maintains that it depends on when they became aware that they sinned.
7. The minority of the people acted upon the erroneous ruling of Beis Din and subsequently some of the people (who did not sin) died, and the sinners became the majority. They are exempt from a Par.
8. Beis Din ruled erroneously that Chelev is permitted, and the minority of the people acted upon the ruling. Beis Din subsequently made the same ruling again and another minority acted upon the ruling. Between them they are a majority. It is a Safek if a Par is brought.
9. Beis Din ruled erroneously that Chelev is permitted, and the minority of the people acted upon the ruling. Beis Din died and a new Beis Din was appointed, and another minority acted upon the ruling. Between them they are a majority. It is a Safek if a Par is brought.
10. If the majority of Beis Din rules erroneously that Chelev is permitted and one of the judges informs his fellow judges that they are in error, a Par is not brought.
11. If ten people sit down together for Din, they are all equally culpable for an erroneous ruling.
12. Beis Din ruled erroneously, and after they realized their error they retracted the ruling. An individual who acted upon their ruling is exempt from a Korban, according to Rebbi Shimon. Rebbi Elazar maintains that it is a Safek.
13. If Beis Din ruled erroneously to uproot an entire Mitzvah in the Torah, they are exempt from bringing a Par. If they ruled to uproot only a portion of the Mitzvah, a Par is brought.
14. There is a disagreement about whether a Par He'elem Davar and Se'irei Avodah Zarah are bought from the Terumas ha'Lishkah, or if the money is collected from all of Klal Yisrael.
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A BIT MORE
1. Seven Shevatim are the majority of the Shevatim. According to Rebbi Yehudah, the people bring the Par, not the Beis Din.
2. A Par is brought only if the people act upon the ruling of Beis Din, but not if the Beis Din acts upon their own ruling.
3. According to Rebbi Meir, they are exempt form a Par. A Par is brought only if the majority of people, without the Beis Din, act upon the ruling of Beis Din. The Chachamim maintain that a Par is brought when the Beis Din together with the people comprise a majority of the nation.
4. Rebbi Meir maintains that only the Beis Din brings a Par, while the people are exempt.
5. However, if a minority of the people in Eretz Yisrael acted upon the ruling, but together with the people in Chutz la'Aretz who acted upon the ruling they are a majority, they are exempt from bringing a Par.
6. According to Rebbi Shimon, if they became aware that they sinned while they were still a majority, a Par is brought. If they became aware only after they were a minority, they are exempt form bringing a Par.
7. If they became aware that they sinned after they were a majority, they are exempt even according to Rebbi Shimon.
8. If the answer to this Safek is that a Par is brought, then another case is a Safek: Beis Din first ruled regarding one type of Chelev, and then ruled regarding another type of Chelev. If the answer to this Safek is that a Par is brought, then another case is a Safek: Beis Din first ruled regarding Chelev, and then ruled regarding blood. If the answer to this Safek is that a Par is brought, then another case is a Safek: Beis Din first ruled regarding Chelev and then ruled regarding Avodah Zarah.
9. According to the opinion that Beis Din brings the Par, it is obvious that no Par is brought in this case, since the Beis Din which made the ruling is no longer alive. The Safek is according to the opinion that the people bring the Par.
10. However, if one of the judges was aware that they erred in their ruling but he did not speak up, a Par is brought because it is sufficient for a majority of judges to agree with a ruling even if a minority dissents.
11. Even a student who was sitting in front of his Rebbi is culpable for an erroneous Din.
12. According to Rebbi Eliezer, if an individual was at home and he acted upon the ruling of Beis Din, it is a Safek if he was aware that the Beis Din retracted, and he brings an Asham Taluy. If he was overseas, he could not have been aware that Beis Din retracted; since he was relying on the ruling of Beis Din when he sinned, he is exempt from a Korban.
13. If Beis Din rules that there is no Nidah, Shabbos, or Avodah Zarah in the Torah, they are exempt from a Korban. If they rule that a person who has relations with a Shomeres Yom is exempt, or that one is permitted to carry into a public domain on Shabbos, or that one is permitted to bow down to an Avodah Zarah, a Par is brought.
14. According to Rebbi Shimon, it is collected from the public. Rebbi Yehudah says that it is bought from the Terumas ha'Lishkah. According to another Tana, their opinions are reversed.
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