REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
Rava says that if someone sees people eating his figs and he vows they are a Korban to them and it turns out that his father is also there, if he says that had he known his father was there he would have said so and so is forbidden and his father is permitted, even according to Beis Shamai they are all permitted. (1)
If he would have said that had he known his father was there he would have said, "All of you are forbidden with the exception of my father" Beis Shamai holds that only the father is permitted. (2)
Beis Hillel holds that even in that case the Neder is completely permitted. (3)
Rebbi Akiva holds that if someone makes a Neder that all of them are prohibited to benefit from him; if one of them becomes permitted they are all permitted. (4)
If someone makes a Neder that one person may not benefit from him and a second person should be like the first persona and a third person should be like the second person, if the first person becomes permitted all of them are permitted. (5)
If the middle people become permitted the one whose Neder came after him is permitted and the one whose Neder came before him is forbidden.
If the last person becomes permitted, only the last person is permitted not the first two. (6)
If someone makes a Neder that he will not eat onions because it is bad for the heart and he is told that the Kufri onion is good for the heart since the Kufri onion is permitted the entire Neder is void.
A BIT MORE
1. Because even Beis Shamai agrees that a Neder that is partially permitted becomes completely permitted. Since it is a Neder Ta'us regarding the father all of the others are permitted as well.
2. Beis Shamai holds like Rebbi Meir who says that the first Lashon that he uses is the principle Lashon and since the first Lashon that he uses is the same Lashon that he used for the Neder it is not regarded as a Neder Ta'us.
3. Beis Hillel holds like Rebbi Yosi who says that the second Lashon is also the principle Lashon and since the second Lashon contradicts the Neder it is regarded as a Neder Ta'us and it is not a Neder at all.
4. If it is a Neder Ta'us regarding one of them and he becomes permitted all of them become permitted as well because Rebbi Akiva holds that a Neder that is partially permitted becomes completely permitted.
5. If it is a Neder Ta'us regarding the first person all of them are permitted because he linked the Neder of the second and third persons to the Neder of the first person.
6. The Neder of the first two people is not linked to the Neder of the last person and therefore even though the last person is permitted the Neder regarding the first two people remains in effect.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
A NEDER THAT IS PARTIALLY PERMITTED
The Ramban says that if a Chacham is Matir a portion of the Neder, the Neder is completely permitted. However that is only if he says that he would not have made the Neder at all if he had in mind that a portion of the Neder is problematic, but if he says that he would have made the Neder anyway but he would have left out the problematic part of the Neder, the Neder does not become completely permitted.
QUICK HALACHAH
A LINKED NEDER
If someone makes a Neder from one person and he says about a second person that he should be like the first person, even if he does this to 100 people they are all forbidden. If the first person becomes permitted they are all permitted. If one of the middle people become permitted the ones whose Nedarim came after him are permitted and the ones whose Nedarim came before him are forbidden. (Shulchan Aruch YD 229:3)
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