REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. If a Yisrael eats together with a Zonah Nochris and there is wine on the table, it is permitted.
2. If a Zonah Yisraelis eats together with a Nochri and there is wine on the table, it is forbidden.
3. A Nochri entered a house where wine of a Yisrael was stored. There was a peephole into the house. The wine which could be seen from the peephole is permitted. The rest of the wine is prohibited.
4. Wine of a Yisrael is stored on the bottom floor of a two-floor house. The Yisrael lives in the upper floor, while a Nochri lives in the bottom floor. They heard a noise and left the house. The Nochri returned first and closed the door behind him. The wine is permitted.
5. Wine of a Yisrael is in an inn. A Nochri is found among the barrels. If he would be considered a Ganav for touching the wine, it is permitted.
6. If the wine of a Yisrael is in a house and a Nochri is found among the barrels, the wine is prohibited if the Nochri has an excuse for being there.
7. A Yisrael and Nochri are sitting together, drinking wine. The Yisrael hears sounds indicating the start of prayers in the Beis ha'Keneses, and he leaves to go pray. The wine is permitted.
8. A Yisrael and Nochri are sitting together on a boat. The sound of the Shofar indicating the imminent arrival of Shabbos is heard. The Yisrael disembarks. The wine on the boat is permitted.
9. Rebbi Yitzchak says that if a Yisrael finds a wallet on Shabbos, he may pick it up and carry it less than four Amos at a time.
10. A lion was roaring in a wine press, and a Nochri hid between the barrels. Rava permitted the wine.
11. In one of the fields of a valley was a grave. A person entered the valley. Rebbi Elazar says that if there is a doubt about whether he entered the field which contains the grave, he is Tahor. If he definitely entered the field, and the doubt is only whether he crossed over the grave, he is Tamei.
12. If a Yisrael gives the keys to his house to a Nochri and there were Taharos or wine in the house, they are Tahor. The Nochri was authorized only to guard the keys, not to enter the house.
13. A courtyard is divided with a low fence. A Talmid Chacham lives on one side, and an Am ha'Aretz lives on the other side. Rav rules that the Taharos of the Talmid Chacham are Tamei. Rebbi Yochanan disagrees.
14. There is one courtyard inside another. A Talmid Chacham lives in the inner courtyard and an Am ha'Aretz lives in the outer courtyard. The Taharos of the Talmid Chacham are Tahor even if the Am ha'Aretz is within arm's reach of the Taharos.
15. If the roof of the home of a Talmid Chacham is on top of the roof of the home of an Am ha'Aretz, the Taharos of the Talmid Chacham are Tahor only if the Am ha'Aretz is not within arm's reach of the Taharos.
16. If the roof of the home of a Talmid Chacham is alongside the roof of the home of an Am ha'Aretz, the Taharos of the Talmid Chacham are Tahor even if the Am ha'Aretz is within arm's reach of the Taharos.
17. If an army enters the city during a time of peace, open barrels of wine are forbidden. Closed barrels are permitted.
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A BIT MORE
1. Although the Yisrael has a strong Yetzer ha'Ra for promiscuity, he does not have the same Yetzer ha'Ra for Yayin Nesech.
2. Since she is already degrading herself to the Nochri, she will allow him to be Menasech the wine.
3. The Nochri is afraid to touch the wine which can be seen from the peephole. The rest of the wine is prohibited, even from deriving benefit, if the Nochri has a share in the wine and thus he is not afraid of being caught touching it.
4. The Nochri is afraid to touch the wine out of concern that just as he has already returned to his home, the Yisrael also will return soon and see him touch the wine from above.
5. If the Nochri would be considered a Ganav, he is afraid to touch the wine.
6. The Nochri is not afraid to touch the wine since he has an excuse for being there. Although he has no excuse for touching the wine, the wine is prohibited because it is obvious that the Nochri entered the house in order to be Menasech the wine. He had no other reason for entering.
7. The Nochri is afraid to touch the wine out of concern that the Yisrael will remember that he left the wine and will return immediately.
8. The Nochri is afraid to touch the wine out of concern that the Yisrael will remember that he left the wine and will return immediately. Although it is Shabbos and the Yisrael is forbidden to board the boat, the Nochrim think that Jews do not observe Shabbos devotedly.
9. The Rabanan were concerned that if they prohibited the Yisrael from taking the wallet, he would be Mechalel Shabbos and take it anyway. Therefore, the Rabanan allowed him to take it by carrying it less than four Amos at a time. After he stops, he may walk with it again up to four Amos and stop, and continue in this manner until he reaches his house. Although this manner of carrying is usually prohibited mid'Rabanan, in this case the Rabanan permitted it.
10. The Nochri is afraid to touch the wine because he is concerned that just as he is hiding among the barrels, a Yisrael may also be hiding among the barrels and will see him touch the wine.
11. The valley is a considered a Reshus ha'Yachid for Tum'ah during the winter. Since the crops are growing at that time, people do not trespass into the field. A Safek Tum'ah in a Reshus ha'Yachid is Tamei.
12. The Nochri was not authorized to use the keys to enter the house. Therefore, there is no concern that he was Metamei the Taharos or was Menasech the wine.
13. Rav is concerned that the Am ha'Aretz stuck his hand over the fence and touched the Taharos. Rav agrees that if a Yisrael lives on one side and a Nochri lives on the other side, the wine of the Yisrael is permitted. The laws of Taharos are more stringent than the laws of Yayin Nesech.
14. The Am ha'Aretz has no business in the inner courtyard. Therefore, there is no concern that he touched the Taharos. When a courtyard is divided down the middle, Rav is concerned that the Am ha'Aretz stuck his hand over the fence and touched the Taharos, because it is all one big courtyard.
15. Rebbi Yochanan is not concerned that the Am ha'Aretz will touch the Taharos on the other side of a courtyard. In this case, however, there is a greater concern, because he has an excuse for sticking his hand toward the roof of the Talmid Chacham. He can say, "I wanted to reach up to measure the height of the building."
16. According to Rav, Raban Shimon ben Gamiliel disagrees with the Rabanan. He maintains that the Taharos are Tamei if they are within arm's reach of the Am ha'Aretz.
17. During wartime, even open barrels are permitted because there is no time for the soldiers to be Menasech the wine.
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