REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. Rebbi Chanina Segan ha'Kohanim says that when the Omer is brought on Shabbos, it is harvested by one individual with one sickle and one basket. Otherwise, it is harvested by three individuals with three sickles and three baskets. The Rabanan disagree.
2. According to the Tana Kama, witnesses who testify about the new moon may be Mechalel Shabbos in order to come to Beis Din, even if the new moon can be plainly seen. Rebbi Yosi disagrees.
3. If one slaughtered two Chata'os ha'Tzibur on Shabbos, and only one of them was permitted to be offered on Shabbos, he is Chayav for the Shechitah of the second Chatas, even if, in the end, it was that Korban that was used to gain atonement.
4. If one slaughtered two Chata'os ha'Tzibur on Shabbos, and only one of them was permitted to be offered on Shabbos, if the first one turned out to be weak and inferior, he is not Chayav for the Shechitah of the second animal.
5. If one heard that a child was drowning at sea on Shabbos, and he used a net to catch fish, he is Chayav. If he saved the child at the same time that he caught the fish, according to Rabah he is Patur. According to Rava he is Chayav.
6. A person is mortally ill on Shabbos and is in need of a fig. Ten people run at the same time to harvest a fig and bring it to him in an attempt to save his life. Even though he needs only one fig, they are all Patur.
7. A person is mortally ill on Shabbos and is in need of two figs. There are two stems on the tree with one fig on each stem, and there is another stem with three figs on the stem. The stem with three figs should be cut for him.
8. It is a Mitzvah l'Chatchilah to bring the Minchas ha'Omer from barley harvested close to Yerushalayim.
9. At a time of the civil war between the kings of the Chashmona'im, the Minchas ha'Omer was brought from barley which was harvested from Gagos Tzerifin. The Shtei ha'Lechem was brought from wheat which was harvested from Bik'as Ein Sukar. These places are some distance from Yerushalayim.
10. At the time of the civil war between the kings of Chashmona'im, the Chachamim decreed a curse on one who raises pigs or teaches his son the Chochmah of the Greeks.
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A BIT MORE
1. According to the Rabanan, the barley is always harvested by three individuals with three sickles and three baskets in order to publicize the fact that the Omer is brought on the sixteenth of Nisan, and to disprove the Tzedukim who claim that the Omer is always brought on a Sunday.
2. According to Rebbi Yosi, if the new moon can be plainly seen, it is forbidden to be Mechalel Shabbos in order to testify, since there surely will be many other witnesses who come to testify. According to the Rabanan, the witnesses are permitted to be Mechalel Shabbos in order to encourage people to testify in the future, when they might be the only witnesses.
3. If there are two Chata'os ha'Tzibur, such as a Se'ir Avodah Zarah which may not be offered on Shabbos and a Sa'ir of the Regalim which may be offered on Shabbos, the first one slaughtered is for the Sa'ir of the Regalim, and there is no Chiyuv for slaughtering it. There is a Chiyuv for slaughtering the second Sa'ir, even if the blood of the first Sa'ir subsequently spills and the second one is used for the Sa'ir of the Regalim, since at the time if the Shechitah it was forbidden.
4. If, after the Shechitah of the first Chatas, it was found to be a weak and inferior animal, if the second Chatas is a fatter animal it may be slaughtered and offered in place of the first one, even l'Chatchilah.
5. According to the first version, Rabah maintains that he is Patur for catching fish along with saving the child. Since he heard that that the child was drowning, he certainly intended to save the child along with catching the fish. According to the second version, Rabah maintains that he is Patur even if he had not heard that the child was drowning and he did not intend to save the child at all, since at the end he did save the child. Although he caught fish along with the child, it is considered a permitted act and he is Patur.
6. Even if the ill person ate the first fig which arrived, and he was healed before the others arrived, they are all Patur, and they are performed a great Mitzvah of attempting to save a Jewish life.
7. Although when the stem with three figs is harvested one of the figs is extra, since all three figs are on the same stem and require only one Melachah it is better to harvest that stem, rather than to harvest two separate stems which have only one fig on each.
8. It is a Mitzvah for the Minchas ha'Omer to be brought from soft barley. If it is brought from barley harvested far from Yerushalayim, it will become hardened from the wind. Moreover, one should not pass over a Mitzvah. Thus, he should not pass over the barley closer to Yerushalayim on the way to bringing barley from a place distant from Yerushalayim.
9. The armies destroyed the crops of barley and wheat which were close to Yerushalayim, and they were forced to harvest the barley for the Omer and the wheat for the Shtei ha'Lechem from grain which was a distance from Yerushalayim.
10. At the time of the civil war, there was a siege on Yerushalayim, and the army on the outside was providing animals for the Korbenos Temidim to the besieged residents of Yerushalayim. One of the residents indicated to the besieging forces in the language of the Greeks that as long as the Avodah in the Beis ha'Mikdash is being done, they cannot be defeated. The next day they sent a pig instead of a lamb. Because of this incident, the Chachamim imposed a curse on anyone who raises pigs or teaches his son the Chochmah of the Greeks.
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