REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. A Yisrael is permitted to help a Nochri uproot Kil'ayim from his field.
2. One is forbidden to hoe Kil'ayim or to cover the seeds with earth.
3. According to Rebbi Akiva, one is forbidden to maintain Kil'ayim in his field.
4. The proceeds of an Avodah Zarah sold by a Nochri do not have the status of an Avodah Zarah. The money is permitted.
5. If a Nochri owes money to a Yisrael, and he sells his Avodah Zarah and gives the proceeds to the Yisrael, the money is permitted. If he tells the Yisrael, "Wait until I sell my Avodah Zarah," the money is prohibited.
6. If a convert and his Nochri brothers inherit from their father, the convert may say, "You take the Avodah Zarah and I will take the money." However, once the Avodah Zarah has come into his hands, he may no longer trade it.
7. Rav Nachman maintains that a Nochri who does not worship Avodah Zarah cannnot nullify an Avodah Zarah.
8. A Yisrael who finds an Avodah Zarah in the market may instruct a Nochri to nullify it, as long as he has not yet picked it up.
9. According to Rebbi Meir, a Ger Toshav is a Nochri who committed himself, in front of three Talmidei Chachamim, not to worship Avodah Zarah.
10. The Chachamim maintain that a Ger Toshav is a Nochri who committed himself to observe the seven Mitzvos of Bnei Noach.
11. A Ger Toshav is permitted to be in seclusion with the wine of a Yisrael, even in a city that has mostly Nochri residents.
12. One may not deposit wine for safekeeping with a Ger Toshav for a long period of time, even in a city that has mostly Jewish residents.
13. The wine of a Ger Toshav has the same status as his oil.
14. A Yisrael, whose house opens into a courtyard shared by others, failed to participate in an Eruv before Shabbos. He may nullify his property to the other owners of the courtyard.
15. If the house of a Nochri opens up into a shared courtyard, the Jewish residents of the courtyard must rent his property from him.
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A BIT MORE
1. Even according to Rebbi Yehudah, who maintains that one may not give a gift to a Nochri, one is permitted to help the Nochri uproot Kil'ayim from the field even without pay. Rebbi Akiva maintains that since maintaining Kil'ayim is forbidden, one is permitted to help the Nochri uproot Kil'ayim, even though the Nochri wants the Kil'ayim to remain so that he will be paid for uprooting it.
2. Since these acts help the seeds take root, they are no different from planting Kil'ayim.
3. One who fences in a field of Kil'ayim is Chayav Malkus, according to Rebbi Akiva.
4. When a Yisrael sells an Avodah Zarah, the proceeds are forbidden. When a Nochri sells an Avodah Zarah, the proceeds are permitted.
5. The Yisrael may not benefit from the proceeds because he wanted the Avodah Zarah to remain in the world until the Nochri sold it.
6. Although the convert wanted the Avodah Zarah to remain until he received the money, the money is permitted. The Rabanan were lenient out of concern that he would revert to worshipping Avodah Zarah.
7. Consequently, if a Ger Toshav annuls an Avodah Zarah, it remains forbidden.
8. However, once he picks it up it becomes the Avodah Zarah of a Yisrael. The Avodah Zarah of a Yisrael can never be annulled.
9. Since he committed himself not to worship Avodah Zarah, it is a Mitzvah to sustain him if he is in need.
10. Acherim maintain that a Ger Toshav is one who committed himself to observe all of the Mitzvos of the Torah, but he eats Neveilos.
11. We are not concerned that he will allow a Nochri to touch the wine. We are also not concerned that he will exchange it for his own wine, since he left it with him for only a short period of time.
12. Since he is leaving the wine with the Ger Toshav for a long period of time, we are concerned that the Ger Toshav will exchange it for his own wine.
13. One is forbidden to drink the oil of a Nochri, but permitted to derive benefit from it. The wine of a Ger Toshav has the same status as his oil. One is permitted to derive benefit from it.
14. He should say, "My property is acquired to you, or nullifed to you, and no Kinyan is necessary." This will allow everyone to carry from their house into the courtyard, with the exception of the person who did not participate in the Eruv.
15. If a Ger Toshav, or a Yisrael Mumar who is Mechalel Shabbos in public, lives in the courtyard, the other residents must rent his property from him if they want to carry from their houses into the courtyard.
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