REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. Vinegar made from the beer of an Aramean is forbidden because wine sediment is mixed in to the beer.
2. It is forbidden to derive benefit from the earthenware utensils of Hadriyanus Keisar, because wine is absorbed in it.
3. Rebbi Elazar and Rebbi Yochanan disagree about whether one is permitted to use the earthenware of Hadriyanus Keisar to support the legs of a bed.
4. It is forbidden to use the leather wine flask of a Nochri to make a mat for a donkey.
5. It is forbidden to derive benefit from the hide of an animal of a Nochri which was ripped by the heart, because of the concern that the heart was removed in order to sacrifice it to an Avodah Zarah.
6. Raban Shimon ben Gamliel maintains that the hide is forbidden only if there was a circular tear at the heart.
7. There is a disagreement about whether one is permitted to derive benefit from the meat of an animal which was slaughtered by a Nochri.
8. According to Rebbi Yehudah ben Beserah, meat which was brought to an Avodah Zarah has the status of a Mes.
9. It is forbidden to engage in commerce with a Nochri who is on the way to a gathering for Avodah Zarah. If he is returning, it is permitted.
10. It is permitted to engage in commerce with a Yisrael who is on the way to a gathering for his Avodah Zarah. If he is returning, it is forbidden.
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A BIT MORE
1. However, if the beer was brought from the storehouses, it is permitted. Wine sediment is not mixed in while the wine is being stored because it will cause the wine to spoil.
2. The soldiers of Hadriyanus Keisar would pour very strong wine into new earthenware containers until the earthenware absorbed the wine. They took the broken pieces of the earthenware with them into battle. When they wanted wine they would soak the earthenware in water.
3. According to one opinion, it is forbidden to use the earthenware to support a bed, because it is forbidden to want the earthenware, which contains the wine, to remain in existence.
4. Rava explains that it is forbidden even according to the opinion that permits using the earthenware of Hadriyanus Keisar to support the legs of a bed. The Rabanan were concerned that the Yisrael's wine flask will break and he will cut a piece from his donkey's leather mat in order to patch up his flask. The Nochri's wine which is absorbed in the leather will give taste to the Yisrael's wine.
5. If there was a drop of blood on the hide it is forbidden because it indicates that the rip was made while it was still alive. Otherwise, it is permitted. However, if the hide was salted it is forbidden even if there was not any drop of blood. The salt may have removed the blood.
6. However, if it was a long tear it is permitted. It is not the type of tear that is made in order to remove the heart.
7. According to the Tana of the Mishnah, it is permitted. According to Rebbi Elazar, it is forbidden. We assume that when a Nochri slaughters an animal, he slaughters it for an Avodah Zarah.
8. It is forbidden to derive benefit from meat which was brought to an Avodah Zarah. It is Metame b'Ohel like a Mes.
9. Commerce is forbidden with a Nochri who is on the way to a gathering of an Avodah Zarah, because he will give thanks to his Avodah Zarah. He might also buy something from a Jew which he will use for the Avodah Zarah. However, if he is on the way back, trading with him is permitted, because there is no concern that he will return to the Avodah Zarah.
10. If the Yisrael is on the way to the gathering of an Avodah Zarah, one is permitted to engage in commerce with him. We assume he will have a change of heart and will not end up going. However, if he is on the way back, it is forbidden, because he may have become attached to the Avodah Zarah and may return and give thanks to the Avodah Zarah.
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