REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. A Sefer Torah is written in Kesav Ashuris.
2. A king writes two Sifrei Torah.
3. It is forbidden to ride on a king's horse, to sit on his throne or to use his scepter.
4. When a person divorces his first wife, the Mizbe'ach spills tears.
5. The arrangement of a second marriage is as difficult as the splitting of the Yam Suf.
6. A king must cut his hair every day, a Kohen Gadol must have a haircut every week, and a Kohen Hedyot must have a haircut every thirty days.
7. The Rabanan maintain that a Kohen is forbidden to drink wine nowadays, while Rebbi permits Kohanim to drink wine.
8. Even according to the Rabanan, a Kohen is permitted nowadays to allow his hair to grow for more than thirty days.
9. A Kohen who is an Arel Lev or Arel Basar may not perform the Avodah.
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A BIT MORE
1. Rebbi Yosi maintains that the Torah was originally given in Kesav Ivri and it was changed to Kesav Ashuris in the times of Ezra. Rebbi maintains that the Torah was originally given in Kesav Ashuris, but the Kesav was forgotten and Ezra reintroduced the Kesav Ashuris. Rebbi Elazar ha'Moda'i maintains that the Kesav was always Ashuris and it never changed.
2. According to the Tanaim who maintain that the Torah was originally given in Kesav Ashuris, the words "Mishneh Torah" in the verse indicate that a king is obligated to write two Sifrei Torah. One Sefer Torah is kept in the king's storehouse, and the other one is placed on his arm like an amulet, so that it will always be in front of him. According to Rebbi Yosi, however, the words "Mishneh Torah" serve a different purpose; since the Torah was originally given in Kesav Ivri, the words "Mishneh Torah" were written to allude to the fact that the Kesav would eventually be changed to Kesav Ashuris. Thus, according to Rebbi Yosi the king does not have an obligation to write two Sifrei Torah, since there is no verse from which such an obligation could be derived.
3. Although a Hedyot is forbidden to use the king's scepter, another king is permitted to use it. Similarly, Avishag, who served David ha'Melech, was permitted to Shlomo because he was another king, but she was forbidden to Adinoyahu because he was merely a Hedyot.
4. Because divorcing a wife constitutes such a severe transgression, the Rabanan preferred for David ha'Melech to violate the prohibition of Yichud rather than divorce one of his wives. David was forbidden to marry Avishag because he already had eighteen wives. He could have divorced one of his wives and become permitted to marry her, but instead of that, he was permitted to be secluded with her even though the prohibition of Yichud with an unmarried woman had already been enacted.
5. A person's first marriage partner is decreed in Heaven forty days before his conception, when a Bas Kol announces, "Bas Ploni is designated for Ploni." A second spouse, however, is chosen in Heaven in accordance with each of the spouses' respective merits, and therefore the designation of a second marriage partner is as difficult as the splitting of the Yam Suf.
6. A king must cut his hair every day because it is a Mitzvah for him to look handsome all the time. A Kohen Gadol must cut his hair once a week because the Mishmaros change once a week and he must have a handsome appearance for the new Mishmar. The requirement for a Kohen Hedyot to cut his hair every thirty days is learned from a verse which says that his hair must not be overgrown. That verse uses the term "Pera," which the Torah also uses to describe a Nazir's obligation to grow his hair long, and since Stam Nezirus is for thirty days, the implication is that a Kohen Hedyot must cut his hair within thirty days.
7. A Kohen who drank wine is not permitted to perform the Avodah. The Rabanan maintain that even after the destruction of the Beis ha'Mikdash, it remained forbidden for Kohanim to drink wine since the Beis ha'Mikdash might be rebuilt suddenly and a Kohen might be summoned to perform the Avodah, which he will not be able to do if he has drunk wine. According to the Rabanan, however, a Kohen is forbidden to drink wine only when there is reason to be concerned that he might be called upon to perform the Avodah. Thus, if a Kohen is aware of his Beis Av or his Mishmar, he may drink wine anytime except on the day of his Beis Av or during the week of his Mishmar. If, however, a Kohen is not aware of which Mishmar his family was in, he is never permitted to drink wine, since he has no way to know when he would not be called upon to perform the Avodah. Rebbi disagrees with the Rabanan and maintains that when the Beis ha'Mikdash is rebuilt, any Kohen who is available might be called upon to perform the Avodah regardless of his Mishmar, so even a Kohen who knows which Mishmar he is from should be prohibited to drink wine at any time. Rebbi disagrees with the Rabanan on another point, however, and disregards the concern that the Beis ha'Mikdash may be rebuilt suddenly. As a result, Rebbi maintains that Kohanim are permitted to drink wine.
8. A Kohen may allow his hair to grow long because even if the Beis ha'Mikdash is suddenly rebuilt, he will be able to get a haircut quickly and perform the Avodah. Nevertheless, the Rabanan do not reason that a Kohen who drank wine will be able to take a short nap to make the wine wear off if the Beis ha'Mikdash is suddenly rebuilt. This is because if a person drinks more than a Revi'is of wine, the wine will not wear off quickly even if he sleeps a little or takes a walk. Thus, if a Kohen drinks more than a Revi'is of wine and then the Beis ha'Mikdash is rebuilt, he will not be able to prepare himself quickly to perform the Avodah.
9. There is a Halachah l'Moshe mi'Sinai, which is also conveyed in a verse in Yechezkel, that a Kohen may not perform the Avodah if he is a Mumar or if he never received a Bris Milah because two of his brothers died from Bris Milah.
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