KESUVOS 47 (25 Av 5782) - Dedicated by Rabbi Dr. Eli Turkel of Raanana, l'Iluy Nishmas his mother, Golda bas Chaim Yitzchak Ozer (Mrs. Gisela Turkel) who passed away on 25 Av 5760. Mrs. Turkel was an exceptional woman with an iron will who loved and respected the study of Torah and accepted Hashem's Gezeiros with love. May she be a Melitzas Yosher for all her offspring and all of Klal Yisrael.

[47a - 34 lines; 47b - 24 lines]

1)[line 1]משום איבהMISHUM EIVAH- in order to prevent enmity

2)[line 11]שכר פקעתהSECHAR PAK'ASAH- the wages for her idleness

3)[line 23]דמימנע ולא פריקD'MIMNA V'LO FARIK- that he will restrain himself from redeeming her

4)[line 27]כיסא נקיטא עילוהKISA NEKITA ILAVAH- she has a purse [full of money] as an investment [from which I have had no benefit]

47b----------------------------------------47b

5)[line 9]דמשום איחתוני הואD'MISHUM ICHTUNEI HU- it is due to the impending connections through marriage

6)[line 11]תחת כתובתהTACHAS KESUVASAH- in lieu of the possessions and property (Nichshei Tzon Barzel, see next entry) that she brought into the marriage (that are written in the Kesuvah and that he inherits if she dies before him)

7)[line 12]פירותPEIROS (PEIROS NICHSEI MELUG)

A woman brings into her marriage two types of possessions, as follows:

1."Nichsei Tzon Barzel" are possessions that the wife owned before marriage, the values of which were estimated and written in the Kesuvah, to be returned to her in full upon divorce or the husband's death. These are called Nichsei Tzon Barzel ("Iron Flock Properties") because their value does not change between the time of marriage and the time of divorce or the husband's death. The husband takes full responsibility for these items, such that if he divorces her or dies before she dies, she receives them in return with their full value at the time of the marriage. Since the husband has a higher degree of responsibility for Nichsei Tzon Barzel than he does for Nichsei Milug, he also has a higher degree of ownership in them.

2."Nichsei Milug" are possessions that were not estimated and their values not recorded in the Kesuvah (accordingly, they may have been possessions which the woman owned before marriage, or possessions that she acquired during marriage). In return for the husband's commitment to redeem his wife should she fall into captivity, the Chachamim decreed that he owns the returns of any property belonging to his wife. Although the principal is hers, her husband reaps any gains that it produces while they are married. He may not, however, actively diminish the principal (e.g. by digging trenches in the field or by slaughtering the ox). Upon divorce or the husband's death, the property is returned as is, regardless of its appreciation or depreciation (or deterioration) over the years. These are referred to as Nichsei Milug ("Properties that are Plucked"), because for the duration of the marriage the husband may take ("pluck") the produce (Peiros) of these possessions (e.g. reaping the fruit of a field, or plowing with an ox) (BARTENURA to Yevamos 7:1, and ARUCH Erech Malag).

8)[line 17]אנוחי ננחינהוANUCHEI NANCHINHU- leave them [as a security in case she gets captured]

9)[line 20]האי תנא סבר מזונות מדאורייתאHAI TANA SAVAR MEZONOS MID'ORAISA- that is, the Tana that we are about to quote maintains that the obligation to feed one's wife Mezonos is mid'Oraisa (and not just mid'Rabanan, as the previously quoted Tana ruled).

10)[line 21]"ואשר אכלו שאר עמי...""VA'ASHER ACHLU SHE'AR AMI..."- "Who eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them; and break their bones, and chop them in pieces, as if for the pot, like meat inside the cauldron." (Michah 3:3)