If an idolater roasted Chavarnes (a type of small salted fish), they are not prohibited (as they can be eaten raw) but it is nevertheless considered a cooked dish for use as Eiruv Tavshilin.

(R. Ba citing Rav Achi): If an idolater cooked Martisa (salted Kasher grasshoppers) they are not prohibited (as they can be eaten raw) but it is nevertheless considered a dish for use as Eiruv Tavshilin.

(R. Yosi bei R. Bun citing Rav Huna): Any food that can be eaten raw is not prohibited when an idolater cooks it (since the cooking is not significant), but it is nevertheless called a dish for use as Eiruv Tavshilin.

(Mishnah): The following may be eaten - milk that was milked by an idolater in the presence of a Jew, honey and clusters of grapes (and even if the juice is dripping from them they are not a liquid to make other foods susceptible to Tumah); their boiled foods and pickled foods into which it is unusual to add wine or vinegar; undiced Tiryas (a Kasher fish), brine in which there is the Kilbis fish, Chilek (fish that are late to grow fins and scales), a leaf of Chiltis (a spice) and Keluska olives (which are pickled in a round vessel to soften them).

(R. Yosi): Very soft olives are prohibited (as wine may have been added to soften them); Kasher grasshoppers taken from the basket outside the idolaters shop are prohibited (as he may have poured Yayin Nesech on them). However, grasshoppers that were stored in barrels in the storehouse are permitted (since wine is not sprinkled on them until they are sold).

The same rule applies to Terumah. (Kohanim are suspected of selling their Terumah as Chulin (non-Terumah) in order to receive a higher price. A non-Kohen may not buy produce that is in a Kohen's shop because of this concern, but produce the Kohen took from his storehouse is permitted since the Kohen is afraid to sell Terumah as Chulin, lest the Chachamim discover him and render all of his storehouse Hefker (ownerless).

(Gemara - R. Elazar): When the Mishnah taught that it is permitted to consume their pickled foods into which it is unusual to add wine or vinegar, it means that if they certainly have had these things added, they are prohibited even to derive benefit, as they contain Yayin Nesech.

(R. Yaakov bar Acha/ R. Chiya citing R. Yochanan): A Jew and an idolater who jointly own a pot of food - if the Jew put the pot on the fire, there is no prohibition of it being an idolater's food, even if the idolater stirred it.

Question: If the pot was removed from the fire, may the idolater return it?

Answer: They suggested that only the Jew may return it, but not the idolater.

(R. Binyamin bar Livai): Even if the food reached the level of Ma'achal Ben Derusai (1/3 or 1/2 cooked - Ben Derusai was a highway robber who was always on the run, so he would eat his food only partially cooked), the idolater may still not return it.

Rejection (R. Yosi): If it already reached Ma'achal Ben Derusai, why can't even the idolater return it? (It is considered already cooked and there is no longer a prohibition for an idolater to cook it!)

Question: What is Chilek? (It was listed in the earlier Mishnah amongst the items of idolaters that are prohibited to consume but not prohibited to derive benefit. See above daf 35-3(a)).

(Rav): It is a Sultan fish (a small, kasher fish that when young, has not yet developed fins and scales. They prohibited it since it could be mixed with non-Kasher fish without the consumer's awareness.)

(R. Yochanan): Chilek is the same as diced Tiryas (in that Mishnah, that there is only a concern of non-Kasher fish being mixed in if they are diced, but if they are whole, there is no concern.)

(R. Zeira/ Kahana bar Tachlifa/ Chanan bar Ba citing Rav): Lachluchta (Tzachanta) fish is prohibited since it could be mixed with non-Kasher fish.

(R. Ba citing Rav Yehuda): It is prohibited specifically when take from a collection of water, but when taken from flowing water, there is no concern that non-Kasher fish are mixed with it.

Question: Surely Lake Kinneret (which one would assume is a collection of water, but it does not contain a mixture of Kasher and non-Kasher fish)?

Answer: It is considered to be flowing water (since it eventually flows into the Dead Sea).

(R. Yosi bei R. Bun): The prohibition on diced Tiryas (that it might be mixed with non-Kasher fish) is only when the bodies of the fish are diced so much that they are not distinguishable.

(Shmuel): This (non-Kasher) Chafisa fish - the way to identify it is by putting it in its skin; if it releases moisture and sticks to its skin, it certainly has fins and scales and is Kasher; if not, it is not Kasher.